LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

OIKT  OK 


erf. 
a 

Received         fOM-. 
Accession  No.    o  -Z  Q.  3 ..*?.  -    Class  No. 


of 


RULKS 


OP 


THE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE 


AND 


COURSES  OR  STUDY 


MAY   1,  1899 


CAMBRIDGE.  MASS.  : 

PRESS  OF  CAUSTIC  &  CLAFLIN, 

26-28  BRATTLE  STREET. 


of 


RULKS 


OF 


THE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE 


MAY  1,  1899 


CAMBRIDGE,  MASS.: 

PRESS  OF  CAUSTIC  &  CLAFLIN, 

26-28  BRATTLE  STREET. 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE 


CHAPTER  I. 

Organization. 

SECTION  1.     A  meeting  of  the  Board  of  School  Com- First  Meeting, 
mittee  shall    be  called    by  the  secretary  during    the  first 
week  of  each  municipal  year. 

SECT.  2.     At  the  first  meeting  of  the  year  :  — 

A  president  shall  be  elected  by  ballot  for  the  ensuing  President. 

&  §  3, 11, 12,  is. 
year. 

A  secretary  and  a  page  shall  be  elected  by  ballot  and  Secretary, 
their    salaries    fixed.     They  shall    hold    office  until    their  §3, 13. 
successors  are  chosen. 

The  standing  committees  shall  be  appointed  as  follows  :  standing 

0  Committees. 

Committees  of  five,  one  from  each  ward  :  —  L^PilV*1 

O",    TCO,    4*7,    OUj 

On  Teachers;  Text-books;  Schoolhouses  ;  High  Schools ; 118)  119' 
Training     School ;     Kindergarieus^  ,  Evening     Schools ; 
Special  Studies. 

Committees  of  three  members  each  :  — 

On  Rules  ;  Finance  ;  Supplies ;  Hygiene. 

Ward  committees  consisting  of  the  members  from  each 
ward. 

Also  the  estimates  for  the  current  financial  year  as  sub-  Estimates. 

§25. 

mitted  by  the  committee  on  finance  shall  be  considered. 
CHAPTER  II. 

Rules   Governing  Meetings. 

SECTION  3.  Regular  meetings  of  the  Board  shall  be  Meetings, 
held  monthly  at  such  times  as  shall  be  determined  by 
vote.  Special  meetings  of  the  Board  may  be  called  by 
direction  of  the  mayor,  or,  in  his  absence  from  the  city,  of 
the  president,  and  shall  be  called  by  the  secretary  upon  the 
written  request  of  three  or  more  members  of  the  Board. 
A  notice  stating  the  object  of  such  meeting  shall  be  sent 
to  each  member  at  least  forty-eight  hours  previous  to  the 
meeting. 


4  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

Order  of  SECT.  4.     The  order  of  business  shall  be  as  follows  :  — 

Business. 

1.  Approval  of  the  records  of  the  last  meeting. 

2.  Communications  from  his  Honor  the  Mayor,  the  City  Coun- 
cil, or  other  city  officers. 

3.  Nominations  of  teachers  and  other  communications  from 
the  superintendent. 

4.  Reports  of  committees. 

5.  Unfinished  business  of  previous  meetings. 

6.  Orders,  resolutions,  petitions,  etc. 

Quorum.  SECT.  5.  Eight  members  of  the  Board  shall  constitute 

a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business,  but  a  less  num- 
ber may  adjourn  to  a  definite  date. 

Suspension  of  SECT.  6.  The  consent  of  three-fourths  of  the  members 
present  at  any  meeting  shall  be  requisite  for  the  suspen- 
sion of  any  of  these  rules. 

Amendment  of      SECT.  7.     Any  amendment  of  these  rules  shall  be  pro- 

Ttiilp^ 

§24.  posed  in  writing  and  referred  to  the  committee  on  rules, 

who  shall  report  thereon  in  writing  at  the  next  regular 
meeting  ;  and  a  vote  in  favor  of  the  proposed  amendment 
of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present  shall  be  necessary 
for  adoption. 

Expenditure         SECT.  8.     A  yea  and  nay  vote  shall    be   taken  on  all 

of  Money.  .  .  J  J 

§25,26,27,39.    orders  authorizing  the  expenditure  of  money  and  on  all 

orders  increasing  salaries. 
Action  on  SECT.  9.     No    nomination,    except    of    candidates    for 

Nominations.  . 

§  20, 21,33-37.  re-election  and  of  principals  of  evening  schools,  shall  be 
acted  upon  before  the  next  regular  meeting  succeeding 
that  at  which  it  is  made. 

Vacancy  in  SECT.  10.      When  a  vacancy  occurs  in  the  school  corn- 

School  Com- 
mittee, mittee,  a  committee  of  three  members  shall  be  appointed 

to  confer  with  a  committee  of  the  board  of  aldermen,  and 
they  shall,  one  week  before  the  time  appointed  for  the 
convention,  report  to  the  members  of  both  Boards,  the 
names  of  one  or  more  candidates  for  election  to  fill  the 
vacancy. 

CHAPTER  III. 

Duties  of  Officers  and   Committees. 

Chairman^  SECTION  11.     The  mayor,  as  chairman  ex  officio,  or  in 

'  his  absence  the  president  shall  preside  at  the  meetings  of 
the  Board. 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOARD.         5 

SECT.  12.     All  committees  shall  be  nominated  by  the  Committees 
presiding  officer  unless  otherwise  ordered  by  the  Board.       §2< 

SECT.  13.  The  secretary  shall  notify  in  writing  the  Secretary.^ 
members  of  the  Board  of  all  meetings  ;  call  special  meet- 
ings of  the  Board  when  requested  to  do  so  by  the  mayor, 
by  the  president,  or  by  three  or  more  members  of  the 
Board ;  attend  the  meetings  of  the  Board ;  record  its 
votes,  orders,  and  proceedings  in  a  permanent  record  book ; 
report  the  same  in  some  paper*  printed  in  Cambridge ;  and 
send  a  copy  of  this  report  to  each  member  of  the  Board 
and  to  the  principal  of  each  school ;  notify  each  member 
of  every  committee  of  his  appointment,  stating  the  names 
of  the  other  members  of  the  committee  ;  preserve  files  of 
communications  and  documents  belonging  to  the  Board  ; 
furnish  all  teachers  appointed  by  the  Board  with  certifi- 
cates of  their  qualifications  ;  prepare  the  school  returns 
required  by  the  statutes  ;  act  as  secretary  of  all  standing 
committees  if  so  requested  by  them  ;  and  perform  such 
other  duties  as  pertain  to  the  office  of  secretary. 

SECT.  14.     The  committee  on    teachers    shall    consider  Commmee  on 
all  nominations  made  by  the  superintendent  for  the  posi-  f/'^0'  33)  34t 
tions  specified  in  section  thirty- three.     They  shall  confer 
with  the  superintendent,  consider  the  reports  of  the  ex- 
aminers deputed  by  him,  make  further  inquiry  at  discre- 
tion, and  report  to  the  Board  for  final  action. 

SECT.  15.     Any  nomination  referred  to  the  committee  Nomination 

»  LiHpses. 

on  teachers  shall  lapse  at  the  expiration  of  four  months, §  33» 34- 

not  counting  the  summer  vacation.  A  person  who  has 
failed  of  confirmation  shall  not  be  nominated  to  a  similar 
position  within  two  years,  except  on  the  approval  of  this 
committee. 

SECT.  16.     This  committee    shall    consider    all    recom- Promotions  of 
mendations  for  promotion  of  teachers  made  by  the  super-  §  3S- 
intendent ;  make  such  inquiry  as  seems  best,  and  report  to 
the  Board  for  final  action. 

SECT.  17.     This  committee  shall  inquire  and  report  to  Success  of 
,        -r,         ,    .  .  .  -  *  Teachers, 

the  Board  in  executive  session,  as  to  the  success  ol  any§4i,67. 

teacher  in  the  employment  of  the  city,  when  so  requested 
by  any  member  of  the  Board  or  by  the  superintendent ; 


6  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

and  no  teacher  whose  success  is  under  inquiry  shall  re- 
ceive the  regular  increase  of  salary,  except  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  this  committee. 

Committee  on       SECT.  18.     The  committee    on  text-books  shall    report 

Text-Books.  . 

§  2, 19, 30, 43.  to  tne  Board  on  all  proposals  involving  changes  in  text- 
books. This  committee  shall  examine  the  reports  on 
text-books  made  by  the  superintendent  and  the  persons  de- 
puted by  him,  and  make  such  further  inquiry  as  they 
may  deem  needful.  No  change  in  text-books  shall  be 
made,  and  no  text-book  shall  be  adopted,  except  by  a 
two-thirds  vote  of  the  Board,  after  notice  has  been  given 
at  a  previous  meeting. 

Books  for  SECT.  19.      Whenever   the    committee    on    text-books 

Examination. 

§  13,  is.  recommend  the  introduction  of  a  text-book,  the  secretary 

shall  request  the  author  or  publisher  of  the  book  to  furnish 
each  member  of  the  Board  with  a  copy  thereof  for  exami- 
nation ;  provided  that  the  committee  on  text-books  may 
at  their  discretion  waive  this  requirement  and  request  the 
author  or  publisher  to  deposit  at  the  office  of  the  super- 
intendent such  number  of  copies  as  may  be  necessary  for 
examination  by  members  of  the  Board. 

Committee  on       SECT.  20.     The    committee  on  schoolhouses  shall    con- 

Schoolhouses.     .  .  . 

§  2,  so.  sider  every  matter  relating  to  the  erection  or  alteration  of 

a  schoolhouse  that  may  be  referred  to  them  by  the  Board, 
and  shall  report  in  writing  such  recommendations  in  each 
case  as  they  may  deem  expedient.  They  shall,  from  time 
to  time,  examine  all  the  schoolhouses  in  the  city,  and 
annually,  in  the  month  of  December,  and  at  such  other 
times  as  they  may  see  fit,  report  upon  the  sanitary 
if 9?49°rs'  condition  thereof.  All  nominations  of  janitors  of  school- 
houses  shall  be  referred  to  this  committee  and  the  work 
of  the  janitors  shall  be  done  under  their  direction. 

offers.  SECT>  21'     TJlis    committee   shall    supervise    the    work 

§9,50,56-63.  Of  tne  truant  officers.  Annually,  at  a  meeting  in  June, 
and  when  vacancies  occur,  this  committee  shall  nominate 
persons  for  election  by  the  Board  as  truant  officers. 

Various  SECT.  22.     The    committee    on    high    schools,    training 

Standing 

Committees,     school,  kindergartens,  and  evening  schools  shall  supervise 

37, 53, 117, 118.   these  respective  schools. 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOARD.  7 

SECT.  23.     The  committee  on  special  studies  shall  super- 
vise  the  instruction  in  botany,  drawing,  music,  and  sewing.  §e|f'3o,  33. 

SECT.  24.     The  committee  on  rules  shall  consider  every  Committee  on 

J  Rules. 
proposition    to    repeal    or    amend    any    rule,    and    report  §  2>  ?>  so. 

thereon  in  writing  at  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the 
Board,  giving  the  reasons  for  or  against  the  proposed 
change. 

SECT.  25.  The  committee  on  finance  shall  examine,  Cornmittee  on 
audit,  and  approve  all  bills  and  pay-rolls  and  make  a  |92»  27'  ^  w» 
report  to  the  Board  of  all  such  accounts  at  the  next  meet- 
ing ;  and  they  shall  submit  each  month  a  statement  show- 
ing the  appropriations,  expenditures,  and  balances  unex- 
pended. Annually,  in  the  month  of  December,  this 
committee  shall  submit  in  print  to  the  Board  an  estimate 
of  the  amount  of  money  required  for  the  support  of  the 
public  schools  during  the  current  financial  year,  and  this 
estimate  shall  be  considered  by  the  Board  at  its  first  meet- 
ing in  January. 

SECT.  26.     This  committee  shall    consider  all    proposi-  JJiarfeV^ 
tions  referred  to  them  relating  to  changes  in  the  salaries  of^8>39>69' 
teachers  and  shall  report  in  writing  at  the  next  regular 
meeting  such  recommendations  as  they  may  deem  expedient. 

SECT.  27.     The  committee  on  supplies  shall  have  exclu-  committee  on 

Supplies. 

sive  authority  to  direct  the  purchase  of  all  text-books  and  §  2>  25»  30>  ^  55- 
supplies   and   to  make  regulations  necessary  for  their  care. 
All  bills  for   expenditures  by  direction  of  this  committee 
shall  be  approved  by  not  less  than  two  members  thereof  and 
submitted  to  the  committee  on  finance. 

SECT.  28.     The   committee   on    hygiene    shall  consider  Committee  on 

Hygiene. 
matters  relating  to  the  health  and  physical  welfare  of  the  §  2>  30'  33- 

pupils  ;  and  supervise  the  work  of  the  director  of  physical 
training. 

SECT.  29.     The  members  of  the  Board  from  each  ward 


Committees. 
shall  constitute  the  ward  committee.     The  schools  in  the  §  2'  33- 

several  wards,  which  are  not  under  the  direction  of  a  stand- 
ing committee,  shall  be  under  the  charge  of  the  ward  com- 
mittee. This  committee  may  assign  the  schools  to  the 
members,  who  shall  have  oversight  of  their  respective 
schools,  and  may  make  such  temporary  arrangements 


8  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

as   are  found   necessary  in   cases  not  provided  for  in  the 
rules. 

Annual  SECT.  30.     Each  standing  committee  except  the  ward 

Reports  of  °  i  T»         i    • 

standing  committees  shall  make  a  written  report  to  the  Board  in 
Committees. 

December. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Duties  of  the  Superintendent. 

Election.  SECTION  31.     Annually,   at    a    meeting    in    June,    the 

Board  shall  elect  a  superintendent  of  the  public  schools 
and  fix  his  salary.  He  shall  enter  upon  his  duties  the 
first  day  of  September  following. 

SECT.  32.     The  superintendent  shall  have  the  care  and 


9<t  101?  iwf"97'  supervision  of  the  schools  under  the  direction  of  the  Board  ; 
121'  125'  128.'      shall  see  that  its  rules  are  carried  into  effect,  and  perform 

such  other  duties  as  the  Board  shall  direct. 

Te°ancnnearsion  °f  SECT.  33.  The  superintendent  shall  make  in  writing, 
4i!2<#!379?io3i!~  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  these  rules,  all  nomina- 
tions of  teachers  in  the  schools,  after  consultation  with 
the  committees  of  the  schools  in  which  the  nominees  are 
to  serve,  and  these  nominations  shall  be  referred  to  the 
committee  on  teachers.  For  a  nomination  to  a  position  in 
a  high  school  or  a  grammar  school,  the  superintendent 
shall  also  consult  the  principal  of  the  school. 

Sectors!1  SECT.  34.  When  a  teacher  has  been  nominated  for  a 
H4,  IT,  22  23,  p0g-t'on  -n  a  kindergarten  or  primary  school,  or  for  a  posi- 
tion below  that  of  principal  or  master  in  a  grammar  school 
or  high  school,  two  persons  of  experience  among  the  teach- 
ers who  are  not  connected  with  the  school  in  which  the 
nominee  is  to  serve,  shall  be  deputed  by  the  superintendent 
to  visit  the  teacher  nominated  and  to  examine  him  at  work. 
Each  person  so  deputed  shall  report  in  writing  to  the  super- 
intendent; and  these  reports  shall  be  kept  on  file  by 
him  and  shall  be  open  to  inspection  by  members  of  the 
Board  only.  For  a  nomination  to  a  position  in  a  high 
school,  the  superintendent,  with  the  consent  of  the  commit- 
tee on  high  schools,  may  dispense  with  such  examination, 
or  may  depute  as  examiners  teachers  connected  with  the 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOARD.          9 

school  in  which  the  nominee  is  to  serve,  or  persons  not  in 
the  service  of  the  city. 

SECT.  35.     Nominations   of  principals   and   masters   in  Nominations 

*  .          on  the  Table. 

high  and  grammar  schools,  of  directors,  and  of  supervisors  §  33>  79 
shall  lie  upon  the  table  at  least  one  month.  All  papers, 
testimonials,  and  other  evidence  bearing  upon  the  qualifica- 
tions of  such  nominees,  shall  be  kept  on  file  in  the  office  of 
the  superintendent  and  shall  be  open  to  inspection  by 
members  of  the  Board  only. 

SECT.  36.     The  superintendent  shall  prepare  and  submit  ^^of^  for 
to  the  Board  annually,  at  a  meeting  in  June,  a  list  of  teach-  ff '^f^011' 
ers  recommended  by  him  for  re-election. 

SECT.  37.     He  shall  make  nominations  of  principals  of  Teachers  in 

Evening 
the  evening  schools  at  the  regular  meeting  of  the  Board  ^hoois^ 

in  September.  Assistants  in  the  evening  schools,  not 
to  exceed  one  for  each  eight  pupils,  shall  be  appointed 
by  the  superintendent,  after  consultation  with  the  com- 
mittee on  evening  schools. 

SECT.  38.     He  shall  make  in  writing  all  recommenda-proni°tionof 

leachers. 
tions  for  promotion  of  teachers,  and  these  shall  be  referred  §1(J>  26> 79- 

to  the  committee  on  teachers. 

SECT.  39.      He  shall  have  authority  to  transfer  teachers  Transfer  of 
from  one  school  to  another,  but  he  shall  report  all  trans-  §  '26- 
fers    to    the    Board   at    its    next    regular    meeting.     Any 
change  of  salary  of  teachers  transferred  shall  be  referred 
to  the  committee  on  finance. 

SECT.  40.     He  shall  have  authority  to  employ  as  many  Substitutes, 
substitutes  and  temporary  teachers  as  may  be  necessary  to 
take  the  places  of  absent  teachers. 

SECT.  41.     He  shall  have  power  to  suspend  any  teacher  Suspension  of 

J  Teachers, 

but  shall  report  such  suspension  at  the  next  regular  meet-  § i7- 

ing  of  the  Board. 

SECT.  42.     He  shall  advise  the  teachers  as  to  the  best  Teachers' 
,       /.  .  ,,  Meetings, 

methods  oi  instruction  and  management,  and  for  this  pur- §32,  78. 

pose  he  may  hold  meetings  of  the  teachers  and  may  dismiss 
their  respective  schools  at  such  time  as  he  may  think  best, 
not  exceeding  one  day  in  each  term. 

SECT.  43.     All  proposals  for  changes  in  text- books  shall  ^ 
be  made  to  the  superintendent.     If  believed  by  him  to  de-  §  is. 


10  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

serve  consideration,  he  shall  appoint  two  persons,  one  of 
whom  shall  be  a  teacher  in  the  service  of  the  city,  and 
they  and  the  superintendent  shall  examine  and  each  make 
a  written  report  on  the  proposed  books.  These  reports 
shall  be  kept  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  superintendent, 
and  shall  be  open  to  inspection  by  members  of  the 
Board  only.  Changes  so  considered  may  be  recommended 
to  the  Board  for  adoption,  when  they  shall  be  referred 
to  the  committee  on  text-books. 

Attend  Meet-        SECT.  44.     He  shall   be  Dresent  at  all  meetings  of  the 
ings  of  the 

f™sf'  Board  except  while  the  election  of  the  superintendent  is 

under  consideration,  and  may  speak  on  all  questions. 

Annual  SECT.  45.  He  shall  make  a  written  report  to  the  Board 

annually,  giving  an  account  of  the  schools  and  making 
such  suggestions  as  he  may  deem  advisable. 

Suspend  SECT.  46.     He    shall    have    authority    to    suspend    the 

Schools  on  •  i       i  ' 

Stormy  Days,   grammar  and  primary  schools  and  kindergartens  on  stormy 

days,  and  on  very  stormy  days,  the  high  schools.  The 
signal  for  this  is  five  strokes  of  the  fire-alarm  repeated 
once.  When  given  at  8.15  A.  M.,  the  morning  session  of 
the  grammar  and  primary  schools  and  kindergartens  shall 
be  omitted;  when  given  at  12.45  p.  M.,  during  the  months 
of  November,  December,  and  January,  or  at  1.15  p.  M., 
during  the  other  months,  the  afternoon  session  shall  be 
omitted.  When  given  at  7.30  A.  M.,  there  shall  be  no 
session  of  the  high  schools. 

CHAPTER  V. 

Duties  of  the  Agent. 

Election.  SECTION  47.     Annually,    at    a    meeting    in    June,    the 

Board  shall  elect  an  agent  and  fix  his  salary.  The  agent 
shall  be  the  executive  officer  of  the  standing  committees  of 
the  Board,  and  shall  enter  upon  his  duties  on  the  first  day 
of  September  following. 


§8;27i808i  SECT.  48.  Under  the  direction  of  the  committee  on 
supplies,  he  shall  purchase,  distribute,  and  have  the  care  of 
all  books,  apparatus,  and  supplies  furnished  for  the  use  of 
pupils,  teachers,  or  officers  of  the  Board  ;  keep  account 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOARD.        11 

of  the  same,  and,  annually,  in  the  month  of  November, 
make  a  detailed  report  to  this  committee  of  all  such  pur- 
chases and  distributions,  and  also  of  the  stock  on  hand. 

SECT.  49.  Under  the  direction  of  the  committee  on  J|nltjors. 
schoolhouses,  he  shall  supervise  and  direct  the  work  of  the 
janitors  of  schoolhouses  and  report  to  the  committee  such 
matters  as  seem  to  need  their  consideration.  He  shall  pre- 
pare and  approve,  on  behalf  of  the  Board,  the  pay-rolls  and 
bills  of  the  janitors. 

SECT.  50.  Under  the  direction  of  the  committee  on  Jj^S  91 
schoolhouses,  he  shall  consider  all  cases  of  truancy,  of  per- 
sistent violation  of  the  rules  of  school,  or  of  juvenile 
vagrancy  ;  of  unlawful  detention  from  school,  or  neglect  by 
parents  ;  or  of  any  failure  on  the  part  of  pupils  or  parents 
to  comply  with  the  rules  of  the  school  committee  or  the 
public  statutes  relating  to  the  schools.  He  shall  certify  the 
records  of  any  such  case  when  it  is  presented  before  the 
district  court,  and  shall  exercise  such  supervision  of  the  boys 
who  are  sent  by  the  court  from  Cambridge  to  the  Middlesex 
county  truant  school  as  may  be  allowed  under  the  statutes. 
He  shall,  on  the  behalf  of  the  Board,  examine  and  approve 
all  bills  for  the  expenses  incurred  by  the  city  because  of 
such  children. 

SECT.  51.     He  shall  direct  the  taking  of  the  school  cen-  School  Census, 
sus  required  by  the  public  statutes   and   shall  obtain  the 
statistics  of  the  private  schools  in  the  city  ;  the  expense  so 
incurred  shall  be  charged  to  the  appropriation  for  incidental 
expenses. 

SECT.  52.     He  shall  have  supervision  of  the  attendance  state  Wards, 
f  -,     •       i  i  «n     r        i  .  •       Non-Resident 

of  state  wards  in  the  schools  and  present  bills  for  the  tuition  Pupils. 

of  these  children  to  the  state  board  of  charity ;  he  shall  at- 
tend to  the  collection  of  the  tuition  of  non-resident  pupils. 

SECT.    53.     Under   the  direction   of  the  committee  onf^60*^ 

ocnoois. 

evening   schools,  he   shall  supervise   the   organization  and §  22)  63' 123-131- 
management  of  these  schools. 

SECT.  54.     Under  the  direction  of  the   superintendent  Discipline, 
of  schools,  he  shall  consider  all  cases  of  tardiness,  absence, 
or  disobedience  referred  to  him  by  the  superintendent. 


CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


Bills,  Pay- 
Rolls,  etc. 
§  25,  27,  48. 


Election. 
§  9,  21. 


Duties. 
§  21,  50,  75. 


Prosecution  of 

Offenders. 

§50. 


Inspection  of 
Factories,  etc. 


Records  and 
Reports. 
§  21, 50. 


Visit  Schools. 


SECT.  55.  He  shall  prepare  and  submit  to  the  respec- 
tive committees  all  bills,  pay-rolls,  estimates  of  expendi- 
tures and  financial  reports  ;  shall  purchase,  distribute  and 
keep  account  of  tickets  ordered  for  the  use  of  members  of 
the  Board,  the  officers  and  special  teachers ;  and  perform 
such  other  duties  as  the  several  committees  may  from  time 
to  time  require.  Annually,  in  the  month  of  November, 
he  shall  report  in  writing  to  the  several  committees. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

Truant   Officers. 

SECTION  56.  Annually,  at  a  meeting  in  June,  the 
Board  shall  elect  the  truant  officers  and  fix  their  salaries. 
They  shall  enter  upon  their  duties  on  the  first  day  of 
September  following. 

SECT.  57.  They  shall  devote  all  their  time  to  the  duties 
of  their  office ;  shall  inquire  into  all  cases  of  absence, 
truancy,  juvenile  vagrancy,  persistent  disobedience  to  the 
rules  of  school,  or  of  unlawful  detention  from  school ;  and 
they  shall  report  to  parents  all  cases  of  suspension  from 
school. 

SECT.  58.  They  shall  prosecute  in  the  name  of  the 
city,  when  so  directed  by  the  agent,  all  persons  violating 
the  public  statutes  relating  to  school  attendance. 

SECT.  59.  They  shall  visit  and  inspect  each  month 
while  the  public  schools  are  in  session,  all  factories,  work- 
shops, and  mercantile  establishments  in  their  respective 
districts,  and  ascertain  if  there  is  any  violation  of  the  pub- 
lic statutes  relating  to  the  employment  of  children  therein. 

SECT.  60.  They  shall  keep  a  record  of  all  cases  of 
truancy  and  other  violations  of  the  public  statutes  relating 
to  school  attendance,  showing  the  name,  age,  and  residence 
of  the  offender,  and  the  nature  of  the  offence.  They  shall 
make  a  monthly  report  in  writing  to  the  agent. 

SECT.  61.  They  shall  visit  each  school  at  least  once  a 
day,  unless  otherwise  directed  by  the  agent.  They  shall 
prevent  children  from  loitering  about  the  school  premises 
to  the  annoyance  and  disturbance  of  the  neighborhood. 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOARD.        13 

SECT.  6£.     They  shall  notify  the  teachers  of  all  cases  Contagious 

/  _  m-*  Diseases. 

of  contagious  and  infectious  diseases  reported  by  the  board  §  s»-9i. 

of  health. 

SECT.  63.     Truant  officers  may  be  detailed  by  the  agent  f™»™g 
to  attend  the  evening  schools  to  assist  in  the  preservation  § 53- 
of  order. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Election  and  Salaries  of  Teachers. 
SECTION  64.     Annually,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  in  Election, 

§  9j  3i7« 

June,  the  teachers  shall  be  elected  and  their  salaries  fixed, 
service  to  begin  on  the  first  day  of  September  following 
and  to  continue  at  the  pleasure  of  the  Board  for  one  year. 

SECT.  65.  A  person  to  be  eligible  to  the  position  of  Person* 
teacher  in  a  kindergarten  must  have  had  a  course  in  a 
high  school,  a  course  in  a  -kindergarten  normal  school,  and 
must  be  able  to  play  the  piano  ;  to  be  eligible  to  a  posi- 
tion in  a  primary  or  grammar  school,  he  must  have  had 
a  course  in  a  high  school,  a  course  in  a  normal  school  and 
a  year's  experience  in  teaching ;  to  be  eligible  to  a  posi- 
tion in  a  high  school,  except  in  the  manual  training  de- 
partment of  the  manual  training  school,  he  must  be  a  col- 
lege graduate.  Equivalent  preparation  may  be  accepted. 

SECT.  66.     The  names  of  teachers  who  are  temporarily  Temporary 

J  Teachers, 
employed  in  any  school  shall  be  placed  on  the  pay-roll  and^25'40- 

the  correctness  of  their  bills  certified  by  the  superintendent^ 

SECT.  67.     All    teachers,  except    those  in    the   Rindge  payment  of 
manual  training  school  and  the  evening  schools,  shall  be§25dne 
paid  one-tenth  of  their  annual  salaries  at  the  beginning  of 
each  month  except  the  months  of  August  and  September. 
The  teachers  in  the  Rindge  manual  training  school  shall 
be  paid  one-twelfth  of  their  annual  salary  at  the  beginning 
of  each  month.     The  date  of  regular  increase  of  salaries  Regular  in- 
shall  be  the  first  day  of  September,  December,  or  March, Salaries, 
whichever  is  nearest  the  time  of  appointment,  not  counting 
July  and  August,  or  the  one  of  said  dates  fixed    at  the 
time  of  appointment. 

SECT.  68.      When    a  teacher    has    been    absent,  a  sum  Deduction  for 
equal  to  two-thirds  of  the  salary  of  that  teacher  for  the  §72. 


14 


CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


Salary  Contin- 
ued During 
Four  Weeks. 
§  25,  73. 


Leave  of 
Absence. 


Before  the 
Opening  of 
the  School 
Session. 


Notice  of 
Absence  and 
Return. 


Monthly  Ke- 
turn  of  Ab- 
sence and 
Tardiness  of 
Teachers. 


Principal  to 
Report  Ab- 
sence and 
Return. 
§  13,  69,  81. 


time  of  such  absence  shall  be  deducted  from  the  next  pay- 
ment to  the  absentee ;  but  when  a  principal  has  been 
absent,  the  amount  paid  to  the  substitute  shall  be  deducted. 
When  a  teacher  has  been  absent  and  no  substitute  pro- 
vided, the  superintendent  may  excuse  such  absence  ;  in 
which  case  no  deduction  shall  be  made  from  the  salary. 

SECT.  69.  One-third  of  the  salary  of  a  teacher  shall  be 
paid  for  the  first  four  weeks  of  absence,  but  not  for  a 
longer  time,  unless,  upon  the  written  recommendation  of 
the  committee  on  finance,  the  Board  shall  vote  that  it  be 
continued. 

SECT.  70.  Any  teacher  who  has  served  in  the  city  for 
ten  years  may,  on  recommendation  of  the  superintendent 
and  vote  of  the  Board,  have  leave  of  absence  for  one  year 
for  purposes  of  study  or  travel,  and  may  receive  one-third 
of  his  salary. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

Rules  for  the   Teachers. 

SECTION  71.  All  teachers  are  required  to  be  at  their 
respective  schoolrooms  at  least  fifteen  minutes  before  the 
time  specified  for  beginning  the  session.  All  pupils  when 
in  or  about  their  respective  schoolhouses  shall  be  subject 
to  the  rules  of  order  for  school  hours. 

SECT.  72.  When  any  teacher  is  absent  from  school, 
he  shall  immediately  give  notice  of  such  absence  and  the 
reason  therefor  to  the  superintendent.  He  shall  also 
give  notice  to  the  superintendent  immediately  upon  his 
return.  At  the  end  of  each  month,  each  teacher  shall 
send  to  the  superintendent  a  report  of  the  number  of 
school  sessions  from  which  he  has  been  absent  during  the 
month,  the  reason  for  such  absence,  the  names  of  the  sub- 
stitutes, and  the  number  of  school  sessions  each  substitute 
has  served ;  and  also  the  number  of  times  he  has  failed 
to  be  present  at  school  fifteen  minutes  before  the  opening 
of  each  session . 

SECT.  73.  When  a  teacher  has  been  absent  from  school 
more  than  four  weeks,  the  principal  of  the  school  shall 


KULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOARD.        15 

report  the  fact  immediately  to  the  secretary  of  the  Board, 
and  shall  also  report  promptly  the  date  of  the  teacher's 
return. 

SECT.  74.  The  teachers  are  to  exercise  vigilant,  pru-  Pi|ci8^line- 
dent,  and  firm  discipline,  and  to  govern  by  persuasion  and 
gentle  measures  as  far  as  possible.  No  teacher  shall  detain 
a  pupil  after  the  morning  session  more  than  fifteen  min- 
utes, or  after  the  afternoon  session  more  than  half  an  hour. 
The  principal  shall  report  to  the  superintendent  any 
violation  of  this  rule. 

SECT.  75.  Any  teacher  may  suspend  a  pupil  from  suspension  of 
school  for  violation  of  the  rules  of  the  school,  or  for  any  §  42«  57> 81- 
other  sufficient  cause,  and  shall  report  such  suspension 
immediately  to  the  parent  or  guardian  of  the  pupil,  and 
to  the  superintendent,  with  a  written  statement  of  the 
cause.  Except  in  an  aggravated  case,  suspension  shall 
take  effect  only  at  the  end  of  the  session  ;  and  no  pupil 
shall  be  sent  from  the  school  building  during  a  school 
session  because  of  misconduct  or  for  any  other  reason,  with- 
out the  knowledge  of  the  principal,  who  shall  make  a 
record  of  each  case  and  send  notice  thereof  at  once  to  the 
parent  or  guardian  by  the  truant  officer.  A  pupil  under 
censure  in  one  school  shall  not  be  admitted  to  another. 

SECT.  76.     No  teacher  shall  inflict  corporal  punishment  Corporal 

1  r  Punishment. 

in  any  form  except  by  written  permission  of  the  superin-  § 42- 

tendent.  If  a  child  persistently  violates  the  rules  of 
school,  the  superintendent  may  give  authority  to  inflict 
such  punishment  for  the  remainder  of  any  term,  having 
sent  due  notice  to  the  parent  or  guardian. 

SECT.  77.     Each  teacher  shall    keep    a    record    of   the  Absence  and 

Tardiness  of 
absence  and  tardiness  of  pupils.     A  pupil  who  enters  the|>uPi's/ 

schoolroom  after  the  time  appointed  for  beginning  the 
session  shall  be  recorded  as  tardy.  Any  pupil  not  having 
a  satisfactory  excuse  for  absence  or  tardiness  may  be  re- 
quired to  bring  from  the  committee  in  charge  of  the 
school  or  from  the  superintendent  or  agent  a  written  per- 
mit to  return  to  school.  No  child  shall  be  sent  home  for 
an  excuse  for  absence  or  tardiness  during  a  school  session. 


16  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

Visiting  SECT.  78.     The  teachers  may,   under   the  direction    of 

§42.  the  superintendent,  visit  other  schools  to  observe  the  dis- 

Teachers'        cipline  and  instruction.     They  may  be  required  to  attend 

teachers'  meetings  or  courses  of  instruction  in  methods  of 

teaching  for  one  hour    a    week.     Such  meetings  may  be 

held  on  Saturday  mornings  during  term  time   or  at  such 

other  time,  not  in  school  hours,  as  the  superintendent  may 

direct.     Meetings  in  addition  to  those,  indicated  above  may 

be  held  by  the  superintendent  or  may  be  called  by  him, 

on  request  of  directors  in  special  subjects. 

Principal  in          SECT.  79.     Each  school  shall  be  in  charge  of  a  princi- 
Schoof.°         pal  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  superintendent,  with 

§  33,  35,  38.  _       /»     i        ~r\ 

the  approval  of  the  Board. 

Text-Books          SECT.  80.     The  principals  of   the  several  schools  shall 

and  Supplies.  MI/. 

§27,48.  order    and    be  responsible   for    all    books,  apparatus,  and 

materials  supplied  to  their  schools,  and,  annually  at  the 
end  of  the  spring  term,  shall  make  a  report  to  the  agent 
of  the  stock  on  hand. 

Supervision  of       SECT.  81.     The  principals  shall  exercise  supervision  of 
Schoolhouses. 

the   schoolhouses,  and  shall  report   monthly  to  the  agent 

upon  the  work  of  the  janitors  and  upon  such  other  matters 

Records  and     as  may  need  attention.     They  'shall  keep  the  records  of  the 

§  is,  32,  48,  73-  schools,  and  make  such  reports  and  returns  as  may  be  re- 

quired by  the  superintendent,  secretary,  or  agent. 


PrinciPals  sha11  make  sure  that  the 
teachers  under  their  charge  are  familiar  with  the  rules  and 
with  the  monthly  proceedings  of  the  School  Board  and 
that  these  rules  and  proceedings  are  interpreted  correctly. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

General  Rules  for  the  Schools. 

SECTION  83.  The  public  schools  of  Cambridge  shall 
be  classified  as  kindergartens,  primary  schools,  grammar 
schools,  high  schools,  and  evening  schools. 

School  °f  ^ECT>  ^'     ^e  sck°°l  vear  snall  be  divided  into  three 

terms,  —  the  autumn,  the  winter,  and  the  spring  term. 
The  autumn  term  shall  end  December  twenty-  third.  The 
winter  term  shall  begin  January  second,  or  on  the  day 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOARD.        17 

after  that  celebrated  as  New  Year's  Day.  The  time  for 
beginning  the  autumn  and  spring  terms  and  for  closing 
the  winter  and  spring  terms  shall  be  fixed  annually  at 
the  meeting  in  February. 

SECT.  85.     There    shall    be    no    session    on    Saturday.  Holidays. 
Thanksgiving  day  with  the  day  preceding    and    the  day 
following,  Washington's  Birthday,  the  Nineteenth  of  April, 
Memorial  day,  the  Seventeenth  of  June,  and,  for  the  high 
schools,  Commencement  day  at  Harvard  University,  shall 
be  holidays.     The  chairman  of  the  Board  is  authorized  to  g^sa™ns  ^_ 
suspend  the  schools  on  such  public  occasions  as  he  may  "S^  29. 
think  proper;     and    each    committee    or    member  of  the 
Board    may    suspend    the    schools    under    his    immediate 
charge  on  such  other  occasions  as  he  may  think  proper, 
not  exceeding  three  days  in  a  year. 

SECT.  86.  Except  as  otherwise  ordered  by  the  Board.  Time  of 
the  sessions  of  the  Latin  school  and  of  the  English  high 
school  shall  be  from  8.30  A.M.  to  1.30  P.M.;  of  the 
Rindge  manual  training  school  from  8.30  A.  M.  to  2.30 
p.  M.  ;  of  the  grammar  and  primary  schools,  from  9  to 
11.45  A.M.  and  from  2  to  4  P.M.,  except  during  the 
months  of  November,  December,  and  January,  when  they 
shall  be  from  1.30  to  3.30  P.M.;  and  of  the  kinder- 
gartens from  9  to  11.50  A.  M. 

SECT.  87.     No   child    shall    be  admitted    to    a    public  vaccination, 
school  without  a  certificate,  signed  by  a  regular  practising 
physician,  stating  that  the  child  has  been  duly  vaccinated 
or  that  he  is  an  unfit  subject  for  vaccination. 

SECT.  88.  No  teacher  or  pupil  who  is  ill  with  small-  contagious 
pox,  varioloid,  diphtheria,  scarlet  fever,  or  measles,  or  has 
been  exposed  to  the  contagion  of  these  diseases,  shall  attend 
school  until  the  physician  of  the  board  of  health  has  sent 
to  the  principal  of  the  school  &  certificate  that,  in  a  case 
of  smallpox,  varioloid,  diphtheria,  or  scarlet  fever,  two 
weeks,  and  in  a  case  of  measles,  three  days  have  elapsed 
since  the  termination  of  such  illness  or  such  contagion, 
and  that  danger  of  conveying  the  disease  by  such  teacher 
or  pupil  has  ceased. 


18 


CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


Whooping 
Cough. 


Exposure  to 
Contagion. 


Doubtful 

Cases. 

§50. 


Text-Books 
Destroyed. 

§48. 


Instruction 
Elsewhere. 


Morning 
Exercises. 


No  Agents  or 

Collections. 

§32. 


No  Lists  of 
Pupils. 


No  Exhibi- 
tions. 
§32. 


School 
Districts. 


SECT.  89.  No  teacher  or  pupil  who  is  affected  with 
whooping  cough  shall  be  allowed  to  attend  school. 

SECT.  90.  No  pupil  who  has  visited  any  apartment  in 
which  a  person  is,  or  within  two  weeks  has  been,  sick  with 
smallpox,  varioloid,  diphtheria,  or  scarlet  fever,  shall  be 
allowed  to  attend  school  until  the  expiration  of  two  weeks 
after  such  visit. 

SECT.  91.  Teachers  shall  have  authority  by  direction 
of  the  medical  inspector  to  exclude  temporarily  from  school 
any  pupil  affected  with  a  disease  or  eruption  of  doubtful 
character;  such  cases  shall  be  reported  at  once  to  the 
agent. 

SECT.  92.  All  text- books  belonging  to  the  city  which 
are  in  homes  exposed  to  contagion  shall  be  destroyed  by 
direction  of  the  agent. 

SECT.  93.  Pupils  belonging  to  the  public  schools  shall 
not  be  absent  or  be  excused  from  any  school  exercise  in 
order  to  receive  regular  instruction  elsewhere  without  the 
consent  of  the  superintendent.  The  absence  or  tardiness  of 
any  pupil  so  excused  shall  not  be  considered  in  making  up 
the  statistics  of  attendance. 

SECT.  94.  The  morning  exercises  in  all  the  schools  shall 
begin  with  reading  from  the  scriptures  and  the  repetition 
or  reading  of  the  Lord's  prayer. 

SECT.  95.  No  person  shall  enter  any  school  building 
for  the  purpose  of  soliciting  subscriptions  or  of  exhibiting 
to  teachers  or  pupils  any  book  or  other  article ;  nor  shall 
any  collection  of  money  be  made  except  by  written  per- 
mission of  the  superintendent.  No  list  of  pupils  shall  be 
given  by  any  teacher  to  any  person  who  is  not  an  officer 
of  the  Board. 

SECT.  96.  No  exhibition  or  lecture,  for  admission  to 
which  a  fee  shall  be  charged,  shall  be  held  in  any  school  - 
house  except  by  permission  of  the  superintendent  of  pub- 
lic buildings  and  the  superintendent  of  schools. 

SECT.  97.  The  city  shall  be  divided  into  districts ; 
and  no  pupil  shall  be  admitted  to  any  school,  except  that 
for  the  district  in  which  he  resides  without  the  written 
consent  of  the  superintendent  or  agent.  No  pupil  who 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOARD.        19 


has  been  attending  any  public  school  shall  be  receiv 
into  another  school  of  the  same  grade  unless  he  presents 
a  certificate  from  his  last  teacher  that  he  has  been  regu- 
larly dismissed.  Pupils  transferred  from  one  school  to 
'  another  in  this  city  during  the  month  of  September  shall 
be  enrolled  and  their  attendance  from  the  beginning  of 
the  term  shall  be  recorded  in  the  latter  school  only. 

SECT.  98.     Non-resident    pupils  and    those  residing  inNon-Kesi- 

dents. 
Cambridge  for  the  purpose   of   attending  school    may  be  §52. 

admitted  temporarily,  but  shall  not  be  allowed  to  remain 
more  than  two  weeks  except  by  written  permission  of  the 
agent.  The  agent  is  authorized  to  give  permission  to 
those  pupils  only  who  shall  have  paid  tuition  in  advance 
to  the  city  treasurer. 

CHAPTER  X. 

Special  Rules  for  the  Schools. 

SECTION  99.     There  shall  be  a  supervisor  of  primary  Supervisor  of 
schools  who,  under    the  direction  of   the   superintendent, 
shall  have  general  supervision  of  these  schools  and  of  the 
kindergartens. 

SECT.   100.     Children   between  three   and   a  half   and  Admission  to 

Kindergar- 
five  years  of   age  may  be  admitted    to  the   kindergarten  tens. 

nearest  their  homes,  by  applying  to  the  principal  during 
the  month  of  March  or  September.  They  may  remain 
one  year,  or  for  a  longer  time  if  less  than  five  years  of 
age. 

SECT.  101.     There  shall  be  a  principal  in  each  kinder-  Teachers  in 

Kindergar- 
garten,  and    an  assistant   also  when  the  average  number 

of  pupils  belonging  exceeds  thirty.  The  superintendent 
may  appoint  an  attendant  for  each  kindergarten. 

SECT.  102.     Teachers  in  kindergartens  shall  use  their  VisitingHomes 

of  Pupils. 

afternoons  in  visiting  the  homes  of  their  pupils  with  a 
view  of  maintaining  friendly  relations  with  the  parents  and 
of  securing  regularity  of  attendance,  except  when  the  time 
is  needed  for  preparation  for  their  work. 

SECT.  103.     Children  who  are  five  years  of  age  shall  be  Admission  to 
admitted  regularly  to  the    primary    schools    on    the    first  Scnools- 


20  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

school  week  of  March  and  September  only;  but  pupils 
qualified  to  join  existing  classes  may  be  admitted  at  any 
Classification,  time  on  application  to  the  principal  of  the  school.  They 
shall  be  classified  in  three  grades  to  be  known  as  the  first, 
second,  and  third  grades. 

Principals  of  SECT.  104.  The  principal  of  each  primary  school  shall 
Schools.  supervise  and  direct  the  work  of  all  the  teachers  in 
the  school  under  the  direction  of  the  superintendent 
and  the  supervisor  of  primary  schools ;  he  shall  make 
all  necessary  regulations  for  the  management  of  the 
pupils  when  not  assembled  in  their  respective  rooms ;  re- 
ceive all  applications  for  admission  to  the  school ;  assign 
each  pupil  to  his  proper  class,  and,  after  the  annual  pro- 
motion of  classes,  shall  have  charge  of  re- organizing  the 
school.  No  pupil  shall  be  transferred  from  one  class  to 
another  without  the  consent  of  the  principal  or  of  the 
supervisor  of  primary  schools. 

Promotions  in      SECT.  105.     Promotions    from  grade  to    grade    in    the 

Primary 

Schools.          primary  schools  and    from    the  primary  to  the  grammar 

schools  shall  be  made  by  the  primary  teachers,  under  the 
direction  of  the  supervisor  of  primary  schools  and  the 
superintendent. 

Promotion  by        SECT.  106.     Promotions  by  classes  from  the  primary  to 
§32,99.'  the  grammar  schools  shall  be  made  annually  at  the  begin- 

ing  of  the  autumn  term ;  but  individual  pupils  may  be  pro- 
moted at  other  times,  if  it  is  deemed  expedient  by  the 
supervisor  of  primary  schools  and  the  superintendent. 

Gramma?  ^ECT'  10^'     ^e  WO1^  °^  tne  grammar  schools  shall  be 

Schools.          arranged    in    two  courses,  one  to  be  accomplished  in  six 

Classification,  years  and  the  other  in  four  years.     The  pupils  pursuing 

the    six-year    course    shall    be  classified   in  six  grades,  to 

be  known  as  the  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  seventh,  eighth,  and 

ninth  grades ;    and    those  pursuing    the  four-year    course 

shall  be  classified  in  four  grades,  to  be  known  as  grades  A, 

B,  C,  and  D. 

Promotions  in       SECT.  108.     Promotions    from   grade    to   grade  in    the 

Grammar  .       , 

Schools.          grammar  schools  and  from  the  grammar  to  the  high  schools 

shall  be  made  by  the  teachers  under  the  direction  of  the 
grammar  school  principals  and  the  superintendent.  Pupils 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOARD.        21 

qualified  to  join  existing  classes  may  be  admitted  at  any 
time  on  application  to  the  principal  of  the  school. 

SECT.  109.  No  regular  pre-announced  examinations  Examinations. 
shall  be  held  in  the  primary  or  grammar  schools,  but  the 
results  of  such  written  exercises  and  reviews  as  the  teach- 
ers and  masters  may  hold  from  time  to  time  without  pre- 
vious announcement  may  be  recorded  and  used  as  a  part 
of  the  basis  of  promotion. 

SECT.  110.  The  masters  of  the  grammar  schools  shall 
have  charge  of  the  organization,  management,  and  disci- 
pline  of  the  schools,  shall  have  supervision  of  the  work  of 
the  teachers  and  shall  teach  such  subjects  as  they  may 
elect  for  not  less  than  two  hours  a  day. 

SECT.  111.     The    sub-masters  in   the  grammar  sc 
shall  assist  in  the  care  and  distribution  of  books  and  sup-  §  asj^aafiio. 
plies  and    in    the  maintenance  of  order  as  they  may  be 
directed  by  the  masters.     During  the  temporary  absence 
of  the   master    the  sub-master  shall    have  charge  of  the 
management  of  the  school;     during  a  prolonged  absence 
he  shall  assume  such  other  part  of  the  duties  of  the  master 
as  the  superintendent  may  direct. 


SECT.  112.     The  master's  assistant  shall  keep  the  rec-  Masters' 

Assistants. 
ords  of  the  school,  have  charge  of  the  master  s  room  dur-  §  33,  no. 

ing  his  absence,  and  teach  such  subjects  as  he  may  require. 

SECT.  113.     In  any  grammar   school    of  ten  or    moreSpecial 
rooms  a  teacher  may  be  appointed  to  assist  pupils  in  the  ^a^as?  lib. 
several  grades  with  a  view  to  their  more  rapid  promotion, 
under  the  direction  of  the  master  and  superintendent  of 
schools  ;     such    teachers    shall    be    designated    as    special 
teachers. 

SECT.  114.  Diplomas  of  graduation  signed  by  the  Diplomas. 
mayor,  the  committee  in  charge  of  the  school,  and  the 
master  shall  be  awarded  to  those  pupils  of  the  graduating 
class  of  each  grammar  school  who  have  successfully  com- 
pleted the  course  of  study  and  whose  deportment  during 
the  last  year  has  been  satisfactory. 

SECT.  115.     The  masters  of  the  grammar  schools  shall  Lists  of  Pupils. 
send  to  the  head  masters  of  the  high  schools  and  to  the 
superintendent    lists  of   candidates    for    admission    to    the 


22  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

respective  schools  two  weeks  before  the  end  of  the  spring 
term. 

Training  SECT.  116.     The  training  school  shall  consist  of  pupils 

School  Pupils. 

of  all  grades  below  those  of  the  high  school. 
Teachers  in          SECT.  117.     The  teachers  of  the  training  school    shall 

Training 

School.  consist    of   a    master,  three   supervising    teachers,  and    as 

many  other  teachers,  including  the  training  class,  as  the 
number  of  pupils  shall  require,  but  the  cost  of  instruction 
per  pupil  shall  not  exceed  the  average  cost  of  pupils  in 
the  other  grammar  and  primary  schools. 

SECT.  118.  Graduates  of  high  schools  who  have  also 
graduated  from  one  of  the  state  normal  schools  or  from 
the  Boston  normal  school  and  persons  of  equal  preparation 
may  be  appointed  members  of  the  training  class  by  the 
superintendent  after  consultation  with  the  committee  on 
training  school ;  such  teachers  shall  constitute  the  training 
class. 

Term  in  SECT.  119.     The  term  of  service  in  the  training  class 


Class. ne          shall  be  one  year,  but  any  member  of  this  class  may  be 
excused  or  dismissed  at  any  time  by  the  superintendent 


Training 

with  the  approval  of  the  committee  on  training  school. 

Latin  school,        SECT.  120.     The  pupils  in  the  Latin  school  shall  be  clas- 
Classification. 

smed  in   five  grades,  but  provision  shall  be  made  for  the 

English  High   completion  of  the  course  in  four  years.     The  pupils  of  the 
School,  Classi-  -r,       ..,,., 

Jbnglish  high   school  and   Rindge  manual  training  school 

shall  be  classified  in  four  grades. 

H?ghisschoois.  SECT-  121-  Pupils  who  have  received  the  diploma  of  a 
grammar  school  may,  on  recommendation  of  the  master,  be 
admitted  to  either  high  school  without  an  examination. 
For  other  persons  who  desire  admission,  an  examination 
shall  be  held  at  the  beginning  of  the  autumn  term  under 
the  direction  of  the  superintendent,  but  pupils  who  are 
qualified  to  join  existing  classes  may  be  admitted  at  any 
time  on  application  to  the  principal.  No  pupil  from 
any  grade  in  a  grammar  school  shall  be  examined  who  does 
not  present  a  satisfactory  certificate  that  he  has  pursued 
his  studies  during  the  summer  vacation. 

Diplomas.  SECT.  122.  Diplomas  of  graduation  signed  by  the 

mayor  and  the  head  master  of  the  school  shall  be  awarded 


RULES  OF  THE  SCHOOL  BOAKD.        23 

to  pupils  of  the  high  schools  who  have  successfully  com- 
pleted the  course  of  study  and  have  sustained  a  good  char- 
acter. 

SECT.  123.     The  evening  schools  shall  be  classified  as  Evening 
elementary,  high,  and  drawing  schools. 

SECT.  124.     Adults  and  children  who  are  unable  to  at-  PupUs^in 
tend  a  day  school  may  attend  an  evening  school  ;  but  no  Schools. 
person  who  is  under  eighteen  years  of  age  shall  be  admit- 
ted except  by  request  of  the  parent  or  guardian.     Any  pu- 
pil absent  three  successive  sessions  without  a  satisfactory 
excuse  shall  lose  his  membership. 

SECT.  125.     The  principal  of  each  evening  school  shall 
be    responsible  for    the    management    of   the    school  ;    he  |  ^J?1^  37 
shall  see  that  no  books  or  supplies  are  lost  and  that  no53' 
damage  is  done  to  the  furniture  in  the   rooms  occupied. 
He  shall  keep  a  record  of  the  attendance  of  teachers  and 
pupils  and  report  to  the  agent  at  the  end  of  each  week. 
At  the  end  of  each  term  he  shall  report  in  writing  to  the 
superintendent. 

SECT.  126.  There  shall  be  two  terms  of  the  evening  Terms^of 
schools.  The  first  term  shall  begin  on  the  second  Monday  Schools. 
of  October,  and  continue  every  Monday,  Wednesday,  and 
Friday  evening  until  the  end  of  the  week  before  Christ- 
mas. The  second  term  shall  begin  on  the  first  Monday, 
Wednesday,  or  Friday  evening  after  the  opening  of  the 
day  schools  in  January,  and  continue  thirty-five  evenings. 
Vacations  and  holidays  shall  be  the  same  as  in  the  day 
schools.  There  shall  be  no  session  of  the  evening  schools 
when  the  afternoon  session  of  the  day  schools  has  been 
omitted. 

SECT.  127.     The  sessions  of  the  evening  schools  shall  Sessions  of 

Evening 
begin  at  7.30  p.  M.  and  continue  until  9.30  p.  M.  The  teachers  |^J^g 

shall  be  present  and  the  schoolrooms  open  at  least  fifteen  present< 
minutes  before  the  beginning  of  each  session. 

SECT.  128.     In  the  evening  high  and  drawing  schools,  Evening  High 

9  and  Drawing 


no  class  shall  be  formed  until  at  least  ten  pupils  have  ex- 
pressed  an  intention  to  take  the  course  and  continue  it 
until  the  end  of  the  term.  Any  course  may  be  discon- 
inued  by  direction  of  the  superintendent  when  the  average 


24 


CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


Evening  Draw 
iiig  School 
Courses. 


Promotions  in 
Evening  High 
and  Drawing 
Schools. 


Diplomas  in 

Evening 

Schools. 


attendance  on  that  course  falls  below  eight  for  two  suc- 
cessive weeks. 

SECT.  129.  Freehand  drawing,  mechanical  drawing, 
and  modelling  shall  be  taught  in  the  evening  drawing 
school,  and  there  shall  be  a  three-year  course  in  each  of 
these  departments. 

SECT.  130.  Pupils  who  have  satisfactorily  completed  a 
year's  work  and  passed  the  required  examinations  may  re- 
ceive a  written  certificate^of  promotion  from  the  principal ; 
and  no  pupil  shall  be  admitted  to  advanced  standing  with- 
out such  certificate,  except  by  passing  the  required  exami- 
nations. 

SECT.  131.  Diplomas  of  graduation  signed  by  the 
mayor  and  the  principal  may  be  given  to  pupils  of  the 
evening  high  school  and  of  the  evening  drawing  school 
who  have  successfully  completed  the  course  of  study  of 
the  respective  schools. 

Principal.  Head  master,  master,  or  other  teacher  in 
charge  of  a  school. 

Teacher.  Any  person  who,  under  the  direction  of  the 
superintendent,  is  engaged  in  the  instruction  of  pupils  or  in 
supervising  their  instruction. 

Committee  in  Charge.  Any  standing  committee  or  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  to  whom  is  assigned  the  supervision  of  a 
particular  school  or  group  of  schools. 

Text-Book.  Any  book  used  simultaneously  by  all  the 
pupils  in  a  class. 

By  vote  of  the  School  Board,  the  principal  of  each  school 
is  to  read  section  ninety  of  these  rules  at  the  beginning  of 
each  term  in  all  the  rooms  under  his  charge. 


PROVISIONS   OF  THE   PUBLIC   STATUTES.  25 


PROVISIONS  OF  THE  PUBLIC  STATUTES 


[These  extracts  are  not  complete,  but  contain  important  information.] 

PROVISIONS  OF  PUBLIC  STATUTES  RELATING  TO  SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 

CHAP.  496.     ACTS  OF  1898. 

SCHOOL  AGE. 

Every  child  between  seven  and  fourteen  years  of  age  shall 
attend  some  day  school  in  the  town  or  city  in  which  he  resides 
during  the  entire  time  the  public  day  schools  are  in  session,  sub- 
ject to  such  exceptions  as  to  children,  places  of  attendance  and 
schools  as  are  provided  for  in  sections  three,  seven,  ten  and  eleven 
of  this  act. 

HABITUAL    TRUANTS. 

Every  habitual  truant,  that  is,  every  child  between  seven  and 
fourteen  years  of  age  who  wilfully  and  habitually  absents  himself 
from  school  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  section  twelve  of  this  act, 
upon  complaint  by  a  truant  officer,  and  conviction  thereof,  may  be 
committed,  if  a  boy,  to  a  county  truant  school  for  a  period  not 
exceeding  two  years,  and  if  a  girl,  to  the  state  industrial  school 
for  girls,  unless  such  child  is  placed  on  probation  as  provided  in 
section  twenty-eight  of  this  act. 

HABITUAL    ABSENTEES. 

Every  habitual  absentee,  that  is,  every  child  between  seven  and 
sixteen  years  of  age  who  may  be  found  wandering  about  in  the 
streets  or  public  places  of  any  town  or  city  of  the  Commonwealth, 
having  no  lawful  occupation,  habitually  not  attending  school,  and 
growing  up  in  idleness  and  ignorance,  upon  complaint  by  a  truant 
officer  or  any  other  person,  and  conviction  thereof,  may  be  com- 
mitted, if  a  boy,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court,  to  a  county  truant 
school  for  a  period  not  exceeding  two  years,  or  to  the  Lyman 
school  for  boys,  and,  if  a  girl,  to  the  state  industrial  school  for 
girls,  unless  such  child  is  placed  on  probation  as  provided  in  sec- 
tion twenty-eight  of  this  act. 


26  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

HABITUAL    SCHOOL    OFFENDERS. 

Every  habitual  school  offender,  that  is,  every  child  under  four- 
teen years  of  age  who  persistently  violates  the  reasonable  regula- 
tions of  the  school  which  he  attends,  or  otherwise  persistently 
misbehaves  therein,  so  as  to  render  himself  a  fit  subject  for  exclu- 
sion therefrom,  upon  complaint  by  a  truant  officer,  and  conviction 
thereof,  may  be  committed,  if  a  boy,  at  the  discretion  of  the  court, 
to  a  county  truant  school  for  a  period  not  exceeding  two  years, 
or  to  the  Lyman  school  for  boys,  and,  if  a  girl,  to  the  state  indus- 
trial school  for  girls,  unless  such  child  is  placed  on  probation  as 
provided  in  section  twenty-eight  of  this  act. 

UNLAWFUL    DETENTION    FROM    SCHOOL. 

Any  person  having  under  his  control  a  child  between  seven  and 
fourteen  years  of  age  who  fails  for  five  day  sessions  or  ten  half  day 
sessions  within  any  period  of  six  months  while  under  such  control, 
to  cause  such  child  to  attend  school  as  required  by  section  twelve 
of  this  act,  the  physical  or  mental  condition  of  such  child  not  being 
such  as  to  render  his  attendance  at  school  harmful  or  impractica- 
ble, upon  complaint  by  a  truant  officer,  and  conviction  thereof, 
shall  forfeit  and  pay  a  fine  of  not  more  than  twenty  dollars.  Any 
person  who  induces  or  attempts  to  induce  any  child  to  absent  him- 
self unlawfully  from  school,  or  employs  or  harbors  while  school  is 
in  session  any  child  absent  unlawfully  from  school,  shall  forfeit  and 
pay  a  fine  of  not  more  than  fifty  dollars. 


PROVISION  OF  THE  PUBLIC  STATUTES  RELATING  TO  THE  EMPLOYMENT 

OF  CHILDREN. 

CHAP.  494.     ACTS  OF  1898. 

No  child  under  fourteen  years  of  age  shall  be  employed  in  any 
factory,  workshop  or  mercantile  establishment.  No  such  child 
shall  be  employed  in  any  work  performed  for  wages  or  other 
compensation,  to  whomsoever  payable,  during  the  hours  when  the 
public  schools  of  the  town  or  city  in  which  he  resides  are  in  session, 
nor  be  employed  at  any  work  before  the  hour  of  six  o'clock  in  the 
morning  or  after  the  hour  of  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening. 

No  child  under  sixteen  years  of  age  shall  be  employed  in  any 
factory,  workshop  or  mercantile  establishment  unless  the  person 


PROVISIONS  OF  THE  PUBLIC   STATUES.  27 

or  corporation  employing  him  procures  and  keeps  on  file  and 
accessible  to  the  truant  officers  of  the  town  or  city,  and  to  the 
district  police  and  inspectors  of  factories,  an  age  and  schooling 
certificate  as  hereinafter  prescribed,  and  keeps  two  complete  lists 
of  all  such  children  employed  therein,  one  on  file  and  one  con- 
spicuously posted  near  the  principal  entrance  of  the  building  in 
which  such  children  are  employed,  and  also  keeps  on  file  a  com- 
plete list,  and  sends  to  the  superintendent  of  schools,  or,  where 
there  is  no  superintendent,  to  the  school  committee,  the  names  of 
all  minors  employed  therein  who  cannot  read  at  sight  and  write 
legibly  simple  sentences  in  the  English  language. 

An  age  and  schooling  certificate  shall  be  approved  only  by  the 
superintendent  of  schools  or  by  a  person  authorized  by  him  in 
writing. 

An  age  and  schooling  certificate  shall  not  be  approved  unless 
satisfactory  evidence  is  furnished  by  the  last  school  census,  the 
certificate  of  birth  or  baptism  of  such  child,  the  register  of  birth 
of  such  child  with  a  town  or  city  clerk,  or  in  some  other  manner, 
that  such  child  is  of  the  age  stated  in  the  certificate. 

The  age  and  schooling  certificate  of  a  child  under  sixteen  years 
of  age  shall  not  be  approved  and  signed  until  he  presents  to  the 
person  authorized  to  approve  and  sign  the  same  an  employment 
ticket  as  hereinafter  prescribed,  duly  filled  out  and  signed. 

Whoever  employs  a  child  under  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  who- 
ever having  under  his  control  a  child  under  such  age  permits  such 
child  to  be  employed,  in  violation  of  section  one  or  two  of  this 
act,  shall  for  such  offence  be  fined  not  more  than  fifty  dollars; 
and  whoever  continues  to  employ  any  child  in  violation  of  either 
of  said  sections  of  this  act  after  being  notified  by  a  truant  officer 
or  an  inspector  of  factories  thereof,  shall  for  every  day  thereafter 
that  such  employment  continues  be  fined  not  less  than  five  nor 
more  than  twenty  dollars. 

No  person  shall  employ  any  minor  over  fourteen  years  of  age, 
and  no  parent,  guardian  or  custodian  shall  permit  to  be  employed 
any  such  minor  under  his  control,  who  cannot  read  at  sight  and 
write  legibly  simple  sentences  in  the  English  language,  while  a 
public  evening  school  is  maintained  in  the  town  or  city  in  which 
such  minor  resides,  unless  such  minor  is  a  regular  attendant  at 
such  evening  school  or  at  a  day  school. 


28  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

Truant  officers  may  visit  the  factories,  workshops  and  mercantile 
establishments  in  their  several  towns  and  cities  and  ascertain 
whether  any  minors  are  employed  therein  contrary  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  and  they  shall  report  any  cases  of  such  illegal 
employment  to  the  school  committee  and  to  the  chief  of  the  district 
police,  or  to  the  inspector  of  factories  for  the  district.  Inspectors 
of  factories  and  truant  officers  may  require  that  the  age  and  school- 
ing certificates  and  lists  provided  for  in  this  act,  of  minors  em- 
ployed in  such  factories,  workshops  or  mercantile  establishments, 
shall  be  produced  for  their  inspection.  Complaints  for  offences 
under  this  act  shall  be  brought  by  inspectors  of  factories. 


PENALTY    FOR    DISTURBING    SCHOOLS. 

Whoever  wilfully  interrupts  or  disturbs  a  school  or  other  assem- 
bly of  people  met  for  a  lawful  purpose  shall  be  punished  by  im- 
prisonment in  the  jail  not  exceeding  thirty  days,  or  by  fine  not 
exceeding  fifty  dollars.— Pub.  Stat.,  Chap.  207,  Sect.  23. 

MALICIOUS    INJURY    TO    BUILDINGS. 

Whoever  wilfully  and  maliciously  or  wantonly  and  without 
cause,  destroys,  defaces,  mars,  or  injures  a  schoolhouse,  church, 
or  other  building  erected  or  used  for  purposes  of  education  or 
religious  instruction,  or  for  the  general  diffusion  of  knowledge,  or 
an  outbuilding,  fence,  well,  or  appurtenance  of  such  schoolhouse, 
church,  or  other  building,  or  furniture,  apparatus,  or  other  prop- 
erty belonging  to  or  connected  with  such  schoolhouse,  church,  or 
other  building,  shall  be  punished  by  fine  not  exceeding  five  hun- 
dred dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  jail  not  exceeding  one 
year. — Pub.  Slat.,  Chap.  203,  Sect.  78. 

INJURY    TO    LIBRARIES. 

Whoever  wilfully  and  maliciously  or  wantonly  and  without 
cause  writes  upon,  injures,  defaces,  tears,  or  destroys  a  book,  plate, 
picture,  engraving,  or  statue,  belonging  to  a  law,  town,  city,  or 
other  public  library,  shall  be  punished  by  fine  of  not  less  than 
five,  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  jail 
not  exceeding  six  months. — Pub.  Stat.,  Chap.  203,  Sect.  79. 


PROVISIONS   OF   THE  PUBLIC    STATUTES.  29 

NO  LIQUOR    TO    BE    SOLD    WITHIN    FOUR   HUNDRED    FEET  OF  A  SCHOOL 

BUILDING. 

No  license  of  the  first,  second,  or  third  class,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  chapter  one  hundred  of  the  Public  Statutes,  shall  be 
granted  for  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  in  any  building  or 
place  on  the  same  street  within  four  hundred  feet  of  any  building 
occupied  in  whole  or  in  part  by  a  public  school. —  Chap.  220,  Acts 
of  1882. 

PATRIOTIC    EXERCISES. 

In  all  the  public  schools  of  the  Commonwealth  the  last  regular 
session  prior  to  Memorial  Day,  or  a  portion  thereof,  shall  be  de- 
voted to  exercises  of  a  patriotic  nature. — Acts  of  1890,  Chap.  111. 


30  CAMBRIDGE    SCHOOL    COMMITTEE. 


SCALE  OF  SALARIES  OF  TEACHERS  FROM 
MARCH  1,  1899 


LATIN    SCHOOL    AND    ENGLISH   HIGH   SCHOOL. 

Head  Masters        $3,000  00 

Masters 2,000  00 

Masters'  Assistants 1,200  00 

Teachers,  first  year 700  00 

with  an  annual  increase  of  $50  until  $950,  the  maximum, 

is  reached. 

Assistant  Teachers,  first  year 500  00 

"              "           second  year,  and  each  succeeding  year  .  600  00 

RINDGE   MANUAL    TRAINING   SCHOOL. 

Head  Master $3,000  00 

Master's  Assistant 1,300  00 

Teachers,  academic  side,  first  year        700  00 

with  an  annual  increase  of  $50  until  $1,000,  the  maxi- 
mum, is  reached. 
Teachers,  manual  training  side,  salaries  range  from  $800  to  $1,500. 

WELLINGTON    TRAINING   SCHOOL. 

Master $2,500  00 

Supervising  Teachers  (three)  first  year 900  00 

"                "          second  year,  and  each  succeeding  year  1,00000 

Teachers  of  the  ninth  grade,  first  year 750  00 

"           "          "          "      second  year,  and  each  succeed- 
ing year 800  00 

Teachers  of  the  eighth  grade 700  00 

Teachers  of  the  seventh  grade  (one  year's  experience)     .     .  450  00 

Teachers  of  the  other  grades 250  00 

GRAMMAR   AND    PRIMARY   SCHOOLS    AND   KINDERGARTENS. 

Masters  of  grammar  schools $2,000  00 

Sub-masters,  first  year        1,000  00 

with  an  annual  increase  of  $100,  until  $1,400,  the  maxi- 
mum, is  reached. 

Masters'  Assistants,  first  year 800  00 

"                "          second  year,  and  each  succeeding  year  .  900  00 

Teachers  of  the  ninth  grade,  first  year 750  00 

"          "          "          "       second  year,  and  each  succeed- 
ing year        800  00 


SALARIES   OF  TEACHERS.  31 

Special  Teachers  in  grammar  schools,  first  year       ....         700  00 
"             "          "          "              u       second  year  and  each 
succeeding1  year 750  00 

Principals  of  primary  schools,  first  year 700  00 

"          "         "            "         second   year,   and   each   suc- 
ceeding year 750  00 

with  five   dollars   additional  for   each   room   under  her 
supervision. 

Teachers  of  grammar  and  primary  schools,  and  principals 

of  kindergartens 450  00 

with  an  annual  increase  of  $50  until  $700  is  reached. 

Upon  the  recommendation  of  the  superintendent  and  the  com- 
mittee on  teachers  the  salary  of  a  teacher  who  has  served  at  least 
one  year  may  be  increased  to  $750  a  year.  The  number  of 
teachers  whose  salaries  may  thus  be  increased  must  not  exceed 
one-third  of  the  whole  number  of  teachers  in  the  grammar  and 
primary  schools. 

Assistant  teachers,  that  is,  teachers  not  in  charge  of  a  room,  are 
paid  $450  the  first  year,  $500  the  second,  $550  the  third  and  each 
succeeding  year,  and  in  the  case  of  assistants  in  the  kindergartens, 
$600  for  the  fourth  and  each  succeeding  year. 

Substitutes  in  the  grammar  and  primary  schools  are  paid  one 
dollar  a  session.  In  the  high  schools  and  kindergartens  they  are 
paid  two- thirds  of  the  salary  of  the  regular  teacher. 

SPECIAL   TEACHERS    AND    OFFICERS. 

Director  of  Music $2,000  00 

Director  of  Drawing .  1,800  00 

Assistant  Teacher  of  Drawing 800  00 

Teacher  of  Botany  (three-fifths  time) 1,000  00 

Teachers  of  Sewing        600  00 

Teacher  of  Gymnastics        850  00 

Substitutes  (continuously  employed) 400  00 

Superintendent  of  Schools 3,500  00 

Supervisor  of  Primary  Schools 1,200  00 

Agent  of  the  Committee  on  Supplies 2,100  00 

Truant  Officers  (four  are  employed) 1,00000 

Secretary  of  the  School  Committee 400  00 

Page  of  the  School  Committee 25  00 

Secretary  and  Librarian  of  the  Latin  School 550  00 

Secretary  and  Librarian  of  the  English  High  School    .     .     .  600  00 


32  CAMBRIDGE    SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


COURSE    OF   STUDY    FOR  THE  CAMBRIDGE 
LATIN  SCHOOL 


The  course  of  study    for    this    school  is  arranged  to  meet  the 
requirements  for  admission  to  Harvard   College. 

FIFTH  CLASS.     (TENTH  GRADE.) 

Latin,  every  day  during  the  year.     Collar  &  DanielPs  First  Latin 

Book,  entire. 

Algebra,  every  day  during  the  year.     The  Metric  System. 
Physiology  and  Hygiene,  every  other  day  the  first  four  months. 
History  of  England,  every  other  day  the  last  six  months. 
English,    every  other  day  during  the  year.     Lewis's    First    Book 

in    Writing    English;   The    Lady    of   the    Lake.      Daily 

practice  in  writing  English. 

X 

FOURTH    CLASS.       (ELEVENTH    GRADE.) 

Latin,  every  day  during  the  year.  Allen  &  Greenough's  Latin 
Grammar ;  Daniell's  Latin  Composition  ;  four  or  five  of 
Nepos's  Lives ;  Caesar's  Gallic  War,  four  books. 

French,  four  times  a  week  during   the  year.     Grandgent's  Short 
French  Grammar;  Rogers's  French  Sight  Reading;  Super's 
French  Reader ;  Peppino  ;  Siege  de  Berlin, 
or 

German,  four  times  a  week  during  the  year.  The  first  half  of 
Collar's  Eysenbach's  Lessons ;  Van  DaelPs  Preparatory  Ger- 
man Reader ;  Grimm's  Marchen  ;  Guerber's  Marchen  und 
Erzahlungen ;  Hoher  als  die  Kirche. 

Geometry,  every  day  the  first  six  months. 

Greek  and  Roman  History,  every  day  the  last  four  months. 

English,  one  exercise  a  week  for  the  year.  Reading  of  Books 
required  for  admission  to  Harvard  College.  Theme 
writing  twice  a  week. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE  LATIN   SCHOOL.  33 

THIRD    CLASS.       (TWELFTH    GRADE.) 

Latin,  four  times  a  week  during  the  year.  The  JEneid,  Books  I., 
II.,  III.,  TV. ;  Allen  &  Greenough's  Latin  Grammar. 

Greek,  every  day  during  the  year.  White's  First  Greek  Book, 
Chapters  I.,  II.,  III.,  of  Book  I.  of  the  Anabasis. 
Instead  of  Greek,  pupils  can  take  German  or  French ; 
those  who  have  had  French  in  the  fourth  class  take  Ger- 
man ;  and  those  who  have  had  German  in  the  fourth  class 
take  French.  The  text-books  are  the  same  as  for  the 
fourth  class. 

French,  every  other  day  during  the  year.     ChardenaPs  Complete 
French    Course ;    L'Abbe    Constantin ;    Le    Conscrit ;    La 
Chute ;    La   Tulipe    Noire ;    French    Composition    (Anec- 
dotes) ;  memorizing  of  Anecdotes  ;  sight  reading, 
or 

German,  every  other  day  during  the  year.  Collar's  Eysenbach's 
Lessons  ;  Die  Jungfrau  von  Orleans  ;  Grimm's  Marchen ; 
Hoffman's  Historische  Erzahlungen ;  Immensee. 

Physics  or  Chemistry,  every  other  day  during  the  year ;  single  or 
double  periods  as  necessity  demands. 

English,  once  a  week  during  the  year.  Reading  of  books  required 
for  admission  to  Harvard  College.  Theme  writing  twice  a 
week. 

SECOND    CLASS.       (THIRTEENTH    GRADE.) 

Latin,  every  day  during  the  year.  The  JEneid,  Books  V.,  VI., 
VII.,  VIII.,;  Nepos's  Lives  of  Miltiades,  Themistocles, 
Aristides,  Pausanius,  Cimon,  Alcibiades,  Lysander,  Thrasy- 
bulus;  Sallust's  Catiline  ;  Jones's  Latin  Composition,  forty 
exercises  ;  Latin  Grammar.  Written  exercises  in  Latin, 
or  Latin  at  sight,  once  a  week. 

Greek,  every  day  during  the  year.  Goodwin's  Greek  Reader  to 
page  110;  Goodwin's  Greek  Grammar;  Jones's  Greek 
Composition,  ten  exercises.  Written  exercises  in  Greek 
Grammar,  or  Greek  at  sight,  once  a  week  the  last  four 
months. 

Instead  of  Greek,  continue  German  or  French  elected  in 
the  third  class.  The  text-books  are  the  same  as  for  the 
third  and  second  classes. 


34  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

French,  every  other    day  during    the  year.     L'Avare ;    La  Fon- 
taine's Fables;  Le  Facte  de  Famine;  Mile,  de  la  Seigliere ; 
French  Composition  (Anecdotes) ;  French  Grammar ;  sight 
reading, 
or 

German,  every  other  day  during  the  year.  Harris's  German 
Composition ;  Ekkehard ;  Minna  von  Barnhelm ;  Wilhelm 
Tell. 

Physics  or  Chemistry,  every  other  day  during  the  year. 

Ancient  History,  Greece  and  Rome,  every  other  day  during  the 
year. 

Algebra,  every  other  day  during  the  year.  Written  exercises 
once  a  week  during  the  last  five  months. 

English.  Reading  of  books  required  for  admission  to  Harvard 
College.  Written  essays. 

FIRST    CLASS.       (FOURTEENTH    GRADE.) 

Latin,  every  day  during  the  year.  The  JEneid,  Books  IX.,  X., 
XL,  X1L,  and  the  Bucolics  and  the  Georgics ;  Ci'cero? 
twelve  orations,  of  which  two  are  at  sight.  Also  written 
exercises  twice  a  week  during  the  year  in  Latin  Composi- 
tion (including  the  review  of  Nepos  for  written  work),  or 
Latin  at  sight. 

Greek,  every  day  during  the  year.  Homer,  Books  I.,  II.,  III.,  IV., 
entire,  and  the  other  selections  in  Johnson's  Iliad  ;  Jones's 
Greek  Composition,  last  thirty  exercises.  Written  exer- 
cises once  a  week  in  prose  composition,  Greek  Grammar, 
or  Greek  at  sight. 

Instead  of  Greek,  continue  German  or  French  elected  in 
the  third  class.  Books  yet  to  be  assigned.  Those  who 
take  this  German  or  French,  instead  of  Greek,  will  also 
take  either  Trigonometry  or  Solid  Geometry. 

Geometry,  every  other  day  during  the  year.  Written  exercises 
including  original  demonstrations,  once  a  week  during  the 
year. 

Trigonometry  and  Solid  Geometry,  (elective),  every  other  day 
during  the  year. 

English,  every  other  day  during  the  year.  This  includes  reading 
(for  the  first  time,  or  in  review)  the  books  in  English 
required  for  admission  to  Harvard  College. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   LATIN"  SCHOOL.  35 

This  course  of  study  gives,  for  the  second  class,  four  recitations 
a  day  during  the  week  ;  for  the  third  class,  three  or  four  recita- 
tions ;  and  for  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  classes,  three  recitations 
a  day.  The  extra  time  assigned  to  the  second  class  is  necessary 
for  a  proper  preparation  for  the  requirements  in  the  preliminary 
examination  for  admission  to  Harvard  College.  Those  who  suc- 
ceed in  passing  the  "  Eight-Hour  Requirements "  in  their  pre- 
liminaries have  less  work  left  for  the  last  year.  Those  who  fail 
to  pass  any  one  or  more  of  their  preliminaries  have  as  hard  a  year 
the  last  as  the  last  but  one.  Some  prefer  to  put  a  part  of  the 
work  of  the  last  year  but  one  into  the  last  year.  Those  who  are 
good  students  and  willing  to  work  can. complete  the  five  years' 
course  in  four  years.  In  the  class  that  entered  college  in  June, 
1898,  there  were  two  such  ;  in  the  class  of  1899,  three  ;  in  the 
class  of  1900,  two;  in  the  class  of  1901,  four;  and  in  the  class 
of  1902,  four,  who  are  trying  to  complete  the  course  in  four  years. 
Those  who  do  this  usually  stand  at,  or  near,  the  head  of  their 
classes. 

TEXT-BOOKS    IN    THE    LATIN    SCHOOL. 

[These  books  may  be  used  in  the  English  High  School  or  Rindge  Manual  Training 
School  whenever  the  committee  on  high  schools  shall  so  direct.] 

English  Literature.  Hill's  Foundations  of  Rhetoric  ;  Lewis's  First 
Book  in  Writing  English  ;  Lockwood's  Lessons  in  English  ; 
Strang's  Exercises  in  English ;  Arnold's  Sohrab  and  Rus- 
tum  ;  Burke's  Speech  on  Conciliation  with  the  Colonies ; 
Carlyle's  Essay  on  Burns ;  Cooper's  Last  of  the  Mohicans ; 
Defoe's  History  of  the  Plague  in  London  ;  DeQuincey's 
Revolt  of  the  Tartars;  Dickens's  David  Copperfield;  Dry- 
den's  Palamon  and  Arcite ;  George  Eliot's  Silas  Marner ; 
Emerson's  American  Scholar ;  Goldsmith's  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field  ;  Hawthorne's  House  of  the  Seven  Gables,  and  Twice 
Told  Tales;  Irving's  Alhambra,  The  Sketch  Book,  and 
Tales  of  a  Traveller;  Longfellow's  Courtship  of  Miles 
Standish,  and  Evangeline ;  Macaulay's  Essay  on  the  Earl 
of  Chatham,  Essays  on  Milton  and  Addison,  and  Life  of 
Samuel  Johnson ;  Milton's  Lyrics,  and  Paradise  Lost,  Books 
I.  and  II. ;  Pope's  Translation  of  the  Iliad,  Books  I.,  VI., 
XXII.,  XXIV.;  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley  Papers;  Scott's 
Abbot,  Ivanhoe,  The  Lady  of  the  Lake,  Marmion,  and 


36  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE 

Woodstock;  Shakespeare's  As  You  Like  It,  Julius  Caesar, 
Macbeth,  Merchant  of  Venice,  and  Twelfth  Night ;  Southey's 
Life  of  Nelson;  Tennyson's  Princess;  Webster's  First 
Bunker  Hill  Oration. 

French.  Blouet's  Primer  of  French  Composition ;  Chardenal's 
Complete  French  Course;  Grandgent's  Short  French  Gram- 
mar; Grandgent's  Materials  for  French  Composition;  La 
Petite  Grammaire ;  Rogers's  French  Sight  Reading ;  Super's 
Preparatory  French  Reader ;  Worman's  First  French  Book ; 
Gasc's  French  Dictionary ;  Assollant's  Recits  de  la  Vieille 
France;  Berthet's  Le  Pacte  de  Famine;  Chazel's  Le 
Chalet;  Daudet's  La  Belle-Nivernaise,  and  Le  Siege  de 
Berlin;  Dumas's  La  Tulipe  Noire;  Erckmann-Chatrian's 
Le  Conscrit,  and  Histoire  d'un  Paysan ;  Genoud's  La 
Chrestomathie  Moderne ;  Halevy's  L'Abbe  Constantin ; 
Hugo's  La  Chute ;  Julliot's  Mile.  Solange  ;  La  Fontaine's 
Fables;  Merimee's  Colomba;  Michelet's  Recits  d'Histoire 
de  France,  Part  II. ;  Moliere's  L'Avare,  and  Les  Femmes 
Savantes;  Sandeau's  Mile,  de  la  Seigliere;  Ventura's 
Peppino. 

German.  Brandt's  German  Reader ;  Collar's  Eysenbach's  German 
Lessons ;  Harris's  German  Composition ;  Mondan's  Ger- 
man Selections  for  Sight  Reading;  Van  Daell's  Prepara- 
tory German  Lessons ;  Kohler's  German  Dictionary ; 
Bernhardt's  Auf  der  Sonnenseite ;  Chamisso's  Peter 
Schlemihl ;  Frey tag's  Aus  neuer  Zeit ;  Goethe's  Hermann 
und  Dorothea ;  Grimm's  Marchen ;  Guerber's  Marchen 
und  Ezrahlungen ;  Hillern's  Hoher  als  die  Kirche ;  Hoff- 
man's Historische  Erzahlungen ;  Lessing's  Minna  von 
Barnhelm ;  Scheffel's  Ekkehard ;  Schiller's  Die  Jung- 
frau  von  Orleans,  and  Wilhelm  Tell ;  Storm's  Immensee. 

Latin.  Collar  and  Daniell's  First  Latin  Book ;  Collar's  Practical 
Latin  Composition;  Daniell's  Exercises  in  Latin  Prose 
Composition ;  Jones's  Latin  Composition ;  Allen  and  Green- 
ough's  Latin  Grammar,  Caesar,  Cicero,  and  Virgil;  Chase 
and  Stuart's  Cornelius  Nepos,  and  Sallust ;  for  sight  read- 
ing, Harper's  text  editions  of  Csesar,  Cicero,  and  Virgil. 

Greek.  Jones's  Greek  Composition ;  Goodwin's  Greek  Grammar, 
and  Reader ;  White's  First  Greek  Book ;  Woodruffs  Greek 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   LATIN   SCHOOL.  37 

Prose  Composition ;  Crosby's  Lexicon  to  the  Anabasis ; 
Homeric  Lexicon ;  Liddell  and  Scott's  Lexicon ;  Johnson's 
Iliad ;  Kendrick's  Anabasis. 

History.  Montgomery's  History  of  England ;  Allen's  Short  His- 
tory of  the  Roman  People ;  Botsford's  History  of  Greece ; 
Creighton's  History  of  Rome;  Ginn's  Ancient  Atlas; 
Leighton's  History  of  Rome ;  Myers's  History  of  Greece ; 
Oman's  History  of  Greece ;  Pennell's  History  of 
Greece ;  Sheldon's  Studies  in  Greek  and  Roman  History. 

Mathematics.  Bradbury's  Elementary  Algebra;  Bradbury  and 
Emery's  Academic  Algebra ;  Bradbury's  Academic  Geom- 
etry, and  Trigonometry  and  Surveying;  Wentworth's  Col- 
lege Algebra,  and  Plane  Trigonometry. 

Music.  Codas  ;  Beacon  Series,  Group  A ;  Harmony  in  Praise ; 
Mendelssohn's  Four  Part  Songs. 

Science.  Avery's  Physics  ;  Gage's  Introduction  to  Physical  Sci- 
ence ;  Harvard  Descriptive  List  of  Experiments  in  Physics ; 
Hall  and  Bergen's  Physics;  Hunt's  Hygiene;  Pierce's 
Problems  in  Elementary  Physics. 

Miscellaneous.  Edwards's  Mythology;  Harvard  Examination 
Papers. 


38  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


COURSES  OF  STUDY  FOR  THE  ENGLISH 
HIGH  SCHOOL 


These  courses  of  study  were  adopted  by  the  school  committee, 
May  18,  1899,  and  replaced  a  course  which  had  been  followed, 
with  minor  changes,  since  the  division  of  the  Cambridge  high 
school  in  1886. 

The  plan  of  the  courses  purposes  that  all  pupils  in  the  school 
shall  pursue  substantially  the  same  subjects  for  their  first  year,  but 
thereafter  shall  have  increasingly  divergent  studies,  open  to  choice 
within  reasonable  limitations  and  determined  largely  by  aptitude 
and  expectation  of  subsequent  career. 

These  general  statements  apply  to  all  the  courses  : 

1.  All    pupils  will    have  a  weekly  exercise    in  music  (choral 
singing). 

2.  Drawing  is  required  of  all  once  a  week  for  the  first  year, 
and  is  open  to  all  as  an  extra  subject  during  the  remaining  three 
years. 

3.  It  is  expected  that  no  two  foreign  languages  will  be  begun 
the  same  year  ;   that  any  foreign  language  once  begun  will  ordi- 
narily be  continued  for  two    years,  and    that    a    modern   foreign 
language  will  not  be  continued  longer  than  two  years,  except  by 
work  in  conversation. 

4.  Variations  from  the  courses  as  stated  are  permissible  with 
the  approval  of  the  head  master. 

The  following  outline  presents  the  courses  in  detail : 

GENERAL  COURSE. 

Hours 

Subjects.  per  week. 

FIRST   YEAR. 

Latin,  French  or  German 5 

Algebra 5 

English  History  (7  mos.)  and  Physiology  (3  raos.)     . 3 

English 3 

Drawing 1 


THE   CAMBEIDGE  ENGLISH  HIGH   SCHOOL.  39 

SECOND   YEAR. 

Latin,  French  or  German 5 

Physics 5 

English 3 

Geometry,  3  ;  or  History  of  Greece  and  Rome 3 

THIRD   YEAR. 

Latin 1 

French        .     .     .     .      }-   (one  or  two) 5  or  10 

German       .     .     .     .     J 

Chemistry 3 

Botany        2 

English 3: 

History  of  the  United  States,  elementary 3 

Harmony,  as  an  extra  subject        2 

Pupils  who  take  two  foreign  languages  this  year  may  omit  Botany  and 
either  Chemistry  or  History. 

FOURTH    YEAR. 

Latin ] 

French      ....        \-    (one  or  two) 5  or  10 

German      .     .     .     .      J 

English 5 

Civics 2 

Astronomy 2 

History  of  the  United  States,   elementary,   or  detailed  study  of  a 

limited  period 3 

Counterpoint  and  Melodic  Construction,  as  an  extra  subject    ....        2 

Pupils  who  take  two  foreign  languages  this  year  may  omit  Civics  and 
Astronomy. 


COURSE  PREPARATORY  FOR  THE  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOLS. 

Hours 

Subjects.  per  week. 

FIRST  YEAR. 

French  or  German        5 

Algebra 5 

English  History  (7  mos.)  and  Physiology  (3  mos.) 3 

English 3 

Drawing 1 

SECOND   YEAR. 

French  or  German       5 

Physics 5 

Geometry 3 

English 3 

History  of  Greece,  as  an  extra  subject,  (required  after  September,  1902)  3 

THIRD   YEAR. 

German  or  French 5 

Reviews  in  Algebra  and  Geometry 5 

Chemistry 5 


40  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

English 3 

History,  as  an  extra  subject,  either  of  the  United  States,  elementary, 
or  of  Rome,  (required  after  September,  1902) 3 

FOURTH  YEAR. 

German  or  French  5 

Advanced  Mathematics  (at  present  Solid  Geometry  and  Advanced 

Algebra) 5 

College  English 3 

History  of  the  United  States,  elementary,  or  detailed  study  of  a 

limited  period * 3 

Review  of  English  History  when  required 2 

Conversational  French  or  German  ....  2 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE. 

Hours 

Subjects.  per  week. 

FIRST  YEAR. 

French  or  German       5 

Algebra 5 

English  History  (7  mos.)  and  Physiology  (3  mos.) 3 

English 3 

Drawing 1 

SECOND  YEAR. 

French  or  German        5 

Physics,  5 ;  or  Geometry,  3,  and  History  of  Greece  and  Rome,  3      .     5  or  6 

English 3 

Bookkeeping  and  Commercial  Forms 3 

THIRD   YEAR. 

Stenography  and  Typewriting 5 

Chemistry,  3,  and  Botany,  2 ;  or  French  or  German        5 

English 3 

Geometry,  or  History  of  Greece  and  Rome,  or  of  the  United  States, 

elementary 3 

FOURTH   YEAR. 

Descriptive  Economics,  Commercial  History  and  Geography       ...  5 

English 5 

Civics,  2,   Astronomy,  2 ;  or  French  or  German 5 

History  of  the  United  States,  elementary,  or  a  detailed  study  of  a 

limited  period 3 


DOMESTIC  SCIENCE  COURSE. 

Hours 

Subjects.  per  week. 

FIRST   YEAR. 

Latin,  French  or  German 5 

Algebra      5 

English  History  (7  mos.;  and  Physiology  (3  mos.) 3 

English 3 

Drawing X 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   ENGLISH  HIGH   SCHOOL.  41 

SECOND   YEAR. 

Latin,  French  or  German •     •     •  5 

Sloyd '     •     •  5 

English 3 

Geometry,  or  History  of  Greece  and  Rome    . 3 

THIRD   YEAR. 

French  or  German        5 

English . 3 

Chemistry 3 

Botany 2 

Food  and  its  preparation 5 

History  of  Greece  and  Rome,  or  of  the  United  States,  elementary,  as 

an  extra  subject 3 

FOURTH   YEAR. 

French  or  German       .     •  5 

English 5 

Household  Chemistry  and  Hygiene       5 

History  of  the  United  States,  elementary,  or  study  of  a  detailed  period  3 


FIRST    YEAR. 

The  English  of  the  first  year  deals  with  both  literature  and 
composition.  The  works  of  literature  studied  are  Tennyson's 
Lancelot  and  Elaine  and  other  Idylls  of  the  King  ;  Scott's  Mar- 
mion,  and  Ivanhoe  ;  Dickens's  Tale  of  Two  Cities ;  and  Shake- 
speare's Richard  III.  The  composition  work  is  based  upon  a 
manual  and  covers  the  following  topics  among  others  :  punctua- 
tion, capitals,  the  combination  and  transformation  of  elements,  the 
principles  of  expression,  the  figures  of  speech,  and  exercises  in 
development,  reproduction,  paraphrasing,  composition  and  letter 
writing. 

The  work  in  algebra  is  a  substantial  grasp  of  the  field  as  far 
as  affected  quadratics. 

The  English  history  is  carefully  studied  with  the  help  of  a 
text-book,  note  books,  illustrative  material,  written  work  and  some 
collateral  reading. 

The  work  in  physiology  includes  visits  of  classes  with  their 
teachers  to  the  Agassiz  Museum,  and  other  objective  helps. 

SECOND    YEAR. 

The  second  year  introduces  important  differences,  yet  gives 
certain  subjects  to  all. 


42  CAMBRIDGE    SCHOOL    COMMITTEE. 

The  foreign  language  begun  in  the  previous  year  must  be 
continued. 

Physics  is  required  in  two  courses,  is  optional  in  one,  and  is 
replaced  by  sloyd  in  the  fourth.  It  includes  laboratory  work  by 
the  pupils,  experiments  by  the  teacher,  records  of  observation  and 
inferences,  the  solution  of  practical  problems,  and  the  usual  recita- 
tion and  examination  methods. 

The  work  in  sloyd  will  follow  as  a  suggestion  and  guide  the 
Normal  Course,  so  called,  explained  and  illustrated  in  Larsson's 
Sloyd  for  American  Schools.  Selections  will  be  made  from  among 
the  thirty-one  models  therein  described  as  the  needs  and  capabil- 
ities of  the  pupils  warrant. 

The  English,  which  is  required  of  all  pupils  on  its  literature 
side,  will  include  Hawthorne's  Twice-Told  Tales ;  Dickens's 
Christmas  Stories;  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake,  and  The  Abbot. 
The  composition  work,  based  on  another  manual,  will  give  a 
review  in  new  forms  and  a  continuation  of  the  first  year's  work ; 
a  brief  history  of  the  English  language,  its  Anglo-Saxon  and  classi- 
cal elements;  and  the  more  obvious  properties  of  diction. 

Geometry  is  required  in  the  course  preparatory  for  higher  in- 
stitutions and  in  the  commercial  course,  but  is  optional  in  the 
other  courses.  The  work  is  an  introduction  to  plane  geometry. 

Bookkeeping  is  required  in  the  commercial  course.  The  work 
is  based  on  a  text-book  and  accompanying  papers.  The  pupil  is 
led  to  make  actual  use  of  vouchers  substantially  as  they  are  em- 
ployed in  business  and  to  write  his  bookkeeping  records  from 
them  under  the  guidance  of  carefully  arranged  directions. 

The  history  of  this  year  is  an  informational  survey  of  the  prog- 
ress of  civilization  in  Greece  and  Rome.  It  is  an  optional  subject 
in  all  the  courses. 

The  Latin  of  this  year  is  selected  from  Nepos. 

THIRD    YEAR. 

In  this  year  somewhat  broader  options  are  possible  in  the  several 
courses.  Latin  may  be  continued  in  the  general  course  or  may 
be  dropped  for  a  modern  language.  Those  who  have  pursued 
either  French  or  German  for  two  years  must  now  exchange  that 
language  for  the  other,  or,  in  the  commercial  course,  take  certain 
sciences  instead.  Each  course  now  provides  work  more  distinc- 


THE   CAMBRIDGE  ENGLISH  HIGH  SCHOOL.  43 

tively  its  own,  while  offering  also  elements  that  make  for  general 
culture. 

In  Latin,  Caesar  and  Ovid  are  read. 

The  work  in  chemistry  consists  largely  in  laboratory  practice, 
great  importance  being  attached  to  skilful  manipulation,  keen 
observation,  logical  reasoning,  and  the  neat,  orderly  and  accurate 
recording  of  work  done  and  results  reached.  The  course  follows 
"  An  Outline  of  Requirements  in  Chemistry  "  issued  by  Harvard 
University. 

In  botany  similar  methods  are  followed  so  far  as  the  nature  of 
the  subject  and  the  briefer  time  permit. 

The  English  work  of  this  year  deals  chiefly  with  literature,  and 
bases  upon  it  the  written  work  required.  The  works  studied  are 
Goldsmith's  Deserted  Village,  Traveller,  and  Vicar  of  Wakefield  ; 
the  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley  Papers ;  Scott's  Quentin  Durward ; 
Shakespeare's  Merchant  of  Venice,  and  Julius  Caesar ;  and  Selec- 
tions from  British  Masterpieces.  The  pupils  preparing  for 
higher  institutions  read  instead  of  the  above  the  works  designated 
for  examination  for  entrance  to  those  institutions.  For  the  year 
1900  these  are:  Dryden's  Palamon  and  Arcite ;  Pope's  Iliad, 
Books  I.,  VI,  XXII.,  and  XXIV. ;  The  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley 
Papers  in  the  Spectator  ;  Goldsmith's  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield ; 
Scott's  Ivanhoe ;  DeQuincey's  The  Revolt  of  the  Tartars ; 
Cooper's  The  Last  of  the  Mohicans ;  Tennyson's  The  Princess  ; 
Lowell's  The  Vision  of  Sir  Launfal ;  Shakespeare's  Macbeth  ;  Mil- 
ton's Paradise  Lost,  Books  I.  and  II. ;  Burke's  Speech  on  Concilia- 
tion with  America  ;  and  Macaulay's  Essays  on  Milton  and  Addison. 

The  history  of  this  year  relates  to  the  United  States,  and  covers 
the  entire  period.  Both  Johnston's  and  Channing's  text-books  are 
used,  much  written  work  and  collateral  reading  are  secured,  and 
maps  are  carefully  studied  and  reproduced.  Some  attention  is  paid 
to  the  study  of  sources.  Skill  in  selection  is  trained  by  topical 
work;  skill  in  judgment,  by  the  institution  of  comparisons  and 
the  search  for  causes  ;  skill  in  expression,  by  the  acceptance  of  none 
but  well  written  papers  or  recitations  made  in  correct  form. 

The  reviews  in  algebra  and  plane  geometry  are  designed  to 
cover,  by  the  use  of  a  fresh  and  harder  text-book,  the  entire  re- 
quirement in  these  subjects  for  admission  to  the  higher  institutions* 


44  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL   COMMITTEE. 

so  that  those  who  are  successful  in  them  shall  be  adequately  pre- 
pared for  the  preliminary  examinations. 

In  the  domestic  science  course,  the  distinctive  subject  for  this 
year  is  food  and  its  preparation.  In  this  subject  the  following 
topics  will  be  treated  by  familiar  talks  and  illustrated  by  practical 
work  :  A.  The  kitchen  :  its  plan,  arrangement  and  care ;  cook- 
ing apparatus  —  coal  and  gas  stoves,  electric  appliances,  the  Aladdin 
oven;  fuels  —  kinds,  comparative  efficiency  and  cost.  B.  Cooking: 
canning  and  preserving ;  bread-making ;  cooking  of  breakfast 
dishes  —  eggs,  meats,  cereals,  muffins ;  serving  breakfast ;  dinner 
dishes  —  soups,  fish,  meats,  vegetables,  desserts  ;  practice  in  plan- 
ning, purchasing  and  serving  a  dinner  ;  luncheon  and  tea  dishes  — 
salads,  simple  entrees,  baking  powder  mixtures ;  the  luncheon 
basket.  C.  Special  study  of  foods  and  food  materials:  classifica- 
tion, function,  cost ;  manufacturing  processes ;  adulterations ; 
physiology  of  digestion ;  dietaries.  I).  Excursions  to  market, 
chocolate  factory,  bakery,  and  similar  trips. 

FOURTH    YEAR. 

The  Latin  of  this  year  includes  Virgil's  JEneid  and  Cicero's 
Orations. 

The  English  embraces  practice  in  composition,  some  instruction 
in  the  principles  of  rhetoric,  the  critical  reading  of  several  works, 
and  a  survey  of  the  field  of  English  literature.  This  survey  is 
necessarily  brief,  but  aims  to  note  the  more  prominent  writers  and 
productions  in  right  relations  one  to  another  and  in  their  proper 
historical  environment.  The  works  read  are  Macaulay's  Essays ; 
Selections  from  British  Masterpieces ;  parts  of  Milton's  Para- 
dise Lost ;  Tennyson's  The  Princess  ;  George  Eliot's  Silas  Marner  ; 
Scott's  Woodstock;  Shakespeare's  Midsummer  Night's  Dream, 
Twelfth  Night,  As  You  Like  It,  and  Macbeth  ;  Emerson's  Ameri- 
can Scholar;  Arnold's  Sohrab  and  Rustum;  and  Carlyle's  Essay 
on  Burns.  The  English  for  the  pupils  preparing  for  higher  insti- 
tutions is  confined  more  narrowly  to  the  requirements  for  admission 
for  the  given  year. 

The  advanced  mathematics  will  for  the  present  include  solid 
geometry  and  advanced  algebra,  in  preparation  for  the  final  ex- 
aminations at  the  higher  institutions. 

The  history  for  this  year  is  that  of  the  Ignited  States.     Those 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   ENGLISH   HIGH   SCHOOL.  45 

pupils  electing  history  who  have  taken  the  course  prescribed  for 
the  previous  year  in  this  subject  will  devote  themselves  with  much 
care  and  thoroughness  to  the  detailed  study  of  a  limited  period 
within  the  history  of  this  country,  in  which  the  general  methods 
previously  described  will  be  carried  as  far  as  the  capabilities  of 
secondary  students  and  the  time  at  their  disposal  shall  permit.  The 
pupils  preparing  for  higher  institutions  will  also  review  their 
English  history. 

The  classes  in  conversational  French  and  German  are  designed 
to  freshen  and  extend  the  knowledge  in  those  subjects  obtained  by 
earlier  study. 

The  work  in  descriptive  economics,  commercial  history  and 
geography  will  aim  to  show  the  pupils  of  the  commercial  course 
the  leading  facts  in  the  economic  history  of  the  United  States,  to 
interest  them  in  economic  problems,  and  to  help  them  to  apply  the 
principles  of  economics  to  commercial  life. 

The  subject  of  civics  is  treated  both  historically,  with  the  use  of 
Fiske's  Civil  Government,  and  practically,  by  constant  reference  to 
documents,  actual  experience,  and  observation. 

In  the  domestic  science  course  attention  will  be  given  to  house- 
hold chemistry  and  hygiene,  with  the  following  list  of  topics  as  a 
guide  :  I.  Chemistry  in  the  Household :  A.  Chemistry  of  cookery  : 
testing  of  foods  for  proteid,  starch  and  sugar ;  effect  of  heat  on 
albumen  and  starch ;  effect  of  hard  and  soft  water  on  food ; 
applications  of  fermentation;  experiments  with  baking  powder. 
B.  Chemistry  of  cleaning :  removal  of  dust  and  dirt ;  solvents  for 
grease ;  soap  and  soap  making  ;  laundry  work ;  removal  of  spots 
and  stains  from  fabrics  and  from  wood  ;  cleaning  of  metallic  sur- 
faces. C.  Analysis  of  washing  powders,  silver  polishes,  blueing, 
baking  powders.  II.  The  House  and  its  Hygiene :  A.  Situation 
and  surroundings ;  study  of  soils  and  building  sites ;  the  location 
from  sanitary,  aesthetic  and  practical  points  of  view.  B.  Sanita- 
tion :  a.  Disposal  of  household  waste  ;  modern  plumbing ;  study 
of  plumbing  in  houses  in  process  of  construction  ;  care  of  plumb- 
ing ;  use  of  disinfectants,  b.  Systems  of  ventilation  ;  tests  for 
purity  of  air.  c.  Heating  and  lighting;  relative  merits  and  cost 
of  different  systems ;  applications  of  physics  in  steam  and  hot 
water  heating,  the  electric  light,  and  the  gas  meter,  d.  Water 
supply ;  visits  to  reservoir  and  pumping  station ;  chemical  tests ; 


46  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

microscopic  examinations;  filtration  of  water;  consumption  of 
water  in  households.  C.  Furnishing  and  decoration  of  the  house  : 
principles  of  decoration ;  furnishing  from  an  artistic  and  a  sanitary 
standpoint.  D.  Clothing :  study  of  clothing  materials ;  dress  as 
affecting  health  and  beauty. 

Music  and  drawing  are  regarded  as  important  branches  of  the 
course  of  study.  There  is  a  weekly  exercise  in  chorus  singing,  re- 
quired of  all,  in  addition  to  the  daily  opening  exercises  which  in- 
clude singing.  In  the  third  year  there  is  an  optional  class  in  har- 
mony and  in  the  fourth  year  a  similar  class  in  counterpoint  and 
melodic  construction,  each  with  lessons  twice  a  week.  These  are 
designed  especially  for  pupils  who  intend  to  become  teachers.  Be- 
sides the  required  drawing  of  the  first  year,  an  optional  class  is 
formed  open  to  pupils  of  the  three  later  years. 


While  the  studies  of  the  English  high  school  are  selected  and 
arranged  with  main  reference  to  the  wants  of  those  who  are  not  to 
enter  college,  pupils  of  good  capacity  need  only  to  supplement  these 
studies  by  a  moderate  amount  of  outside  work  to  gain  admission  to 
such  colleges  as  offer  courses  that  do  not  include  Greek.  In  this 
way  several  graduates  of  the  school  have  entered  college  and  are 
maintaining  an  honorable  standing  there.  The  second  of  the  four 
regular  courses,  also,  leads  directly  to  the  Scientific  Schools. 

Diplomas  are  awarded  to  those  only  who  have  honorably  com- 
pleted a  four  years'  course  of  study  or  its  full  equivalent. 

The  number  of  recitations  per  day  is  usually  three  but  sometimes 
four.  But  little  more  than  one  quarter  of  the  school  session  is  thus 
left  for  the  preparation  of  lessons.  Failure  to  do  fair  work  is 
generally  associated  with  a  lack  of  proper  daily  application.  For 
the  pupil  of  average  capacity  who  makes  the  most  of  his  opportuni- 
ties at  school,  two  hours  of  home  study  each  school  day  will  doubt- 
less suffice.  If  the  pupil  neglects  to  study  at  home,  parents  may 
assume  that  he  is  not  doing  at  school  what  he  ought.  In  those  rare 
cases  in  which  faithful  pupils  are  overburdened  because  of  frail 
health  or  lack  of  mental  endurance,  a  seasonable  conference  between 
parents  and  teachers  is  desirable. 

Cards  giving  the  standing  of  each  pupil  will  be  sent  home  once 
in  two  months  for  inspection  and  signature.  Scholarship  marks 


THE   CAMBRIDGE  ENGLISH  HIGH  SCHOOL.  47 

are  on  a  scale  of  100.  A  mark  above  90  indicates  excellent  rank ; 
between  80  and  90,  good  rank ;  between  70  and  80,  fair  rank  ; 
below  70,  poor  rank.  The  fact  is  recognized,  however,  that  cer- 
tain elements  of  a  sound  scholarly  spirit,  such  as  self-reliance,  zeal, 
persistency,  conscientiousness,  love  of  truth,  cannot  adequately  be 
expressed  in  figures.  Those  whose  marks  fall  below  60  are  re- 
ported to  the  head  master  for  advice,  warning,  reference  to  the 
high  school  committee,  or  removal  to  a  lower  class.  In  this  con- 
nection attention  is  called  to  the  following  vote  of  the  school  com- 
mittee : — 

"Pupils  recommended  by  the  committee  on  examinations  and  promo- 
tions shall  be  admitted  to  the  Latin  school  and  the  English  high  school 
in  September  on  trial.  Should  any  of  these  pupils  fail  to  maintain  a 
suitable  rank  during  the  autumn  term,  that  fact  shall  be  reported  to  the 
high  school  committee  at  the  close  of  said  term,  and  no  pupil  thus 
reported  shall  continue  in  either  school  except  by  a  vote  of  the  high 
school  committee." 

It  is  very  important  that  at  the  beginning  the  pupil  shall 
thoroughly  master  principles,  and  thereby  make  his  later  work 
successful.  When  this  is  not  done,  the  recovery  of  lost  ground  is 
extremely  difficult.  He  is  earnestly  urged  to  cultivate  from  the 
outset  sound  habits  of  work, —  such  habits  as  will  give  him  a 
reputation  for  promptness,  punctuality,  order,  neatness,  system, 
concentration,  thoroughness.  Aside  from  the  immediate  scholarly 
results  of  such  habits,  they  have  in  their  bearing  upon  the  pupil's 
subsequent  life  a  value  that  cannot  be  too  highly  regarded. 

Many  of  the  exercises  of  the  school,  like  experiments  by  the 
teacher,  illustrations  with  the  camera,  object  lessons,  much  of  the 
laboratory  work  in  science,  are  of  such  a  nature  that,  if  the  pupil 
misses  them,  they  cannot  be  made  good  to  him.  Moreover,  ab- 
sence embarrasses  the  instruction  of  the  class,  and  thus  serious- 
ly affects  its  progress.  It  is  excusable  only  when  it  cannot  be 
avoided. 

It  is  presumed  that  pupils  in  this  school  mean  to  conduct  them- 
selves honorably  and  becomingly, —  a  presumption  justified  by  the 
commendable  behavior  of  nearly  all.  It  is  the  aim  of  the  school  to 
strengthen  the  sense  of  propriety,  duty,  and  honor  by  trusting  it. 
Boys  and  girls  at  school  are  citizens  as  fully  as  they  can  ever  be 
(see  Sect.  I.,  Art.  XIV.,  Const.  U.  S.)  ;  it  becomes  them,  therefore,  in 


48  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

school  and  elsewhere,  now  as  throughout  their  lives,  to  practice  the 
duties,  cultivate  the  graces,  and  display  the  loyalty  of  good  Ameri- 
can citizenship.  Only  in  cases  of  conspicuous  failure  in  conduct 
will  a  deportment  record  be  kept. 

It  is  hoped  that  parents  will  note  carefully  such  reports  as  they 
may  receive,  and,  if  they  are  unsatisfactory,  cooperate  with  teachers 
in  efforts  to  secure  closer  attention  to  duty. 

TEXT-BOOKS   IN  THE  ENGLISH  HIGH  SCHOOL. 

[These  books  may  be  used  in  the  Latin  School  or  Kindge  Manual  Training  School 
whenever  the  committee  on  high  schools  shall  so  direct.] 

English  Literature.  Brooke's  Primer  of  English  Literature  ;  Hill's 
Foundations  of  Rhetoric;  Lewis's  First  Book  in  Writing 
English  ;  Lock  wood's  Lessons  in  English ;  Strang's  Exer- 
cises in  English ;  Swett's  Elocution ;  American  Poetry ; 
American  Prose  ;  Arnold's  Sohrab  and  Rustum  ;  Burke's 
Speech  on  Conciliation  with  the  Colonies;  Carlyle's  Essay 
on  Burns  ;  Cooper's  Last  of  the  Mohicans ;  Defoe's  His- 
tory of  the  Plague  in  London  ;  DeQuincey's  Revolt  of  the 
Tartars ;  Dickens's  Christmas  Stories,  David  Copperfield,  and 
Tale  of  Two  Cities  ;  Dryden's  Palamon  and  Arcite  ;  George 
Eliot's  Silas  Marner ;  Emerson's  American  Scholar ;  Gold- 
smith's Deserted  Village,  The  Traveller,  and  The  Vicar 
of  Wakefield ;  Gray's  Select  Poems  ;  Hawthorne's  House 
of  the  Seven  Gables,  and  Twice- Told  Tales  ;  Irving's  Al- 
hambra,  The  Sketch  Book,  and  The  Tales  of  a  Traveller  ; 
Macaulay's  Essay  on  the  Earl  of  Chatham,  Essays  on 
Milton  and  Addison,  Select  Essays,  and  Life  of  Samuel 
Johnson ;  Masterpieces  of  British  Literature ;  Milton's 
Lyrics,  and  Paradise  Lost ;  Pope's  Translation  of  the  Iliad, 
Books  L,  VI.,  XXII.,  XXIV. ;  Scott's  Abbot,  Ivanhoe, 
The  Lady  of  the  Lake,  Marmion,  Quentin  Durward, 
The  Talisman,  and  Woodstock;  Shakespeare's  As  You 
Like  It,  Julius  Csesar,  Macbeth,  Merchant  of  Venice, 
A  Midsummer-Night's  Dream,  Richard  III.,  and  Twelfth 
Night ;  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley  Papers ;  Southey's  Life  of 
Nelson ;  Tennyson's  Lancelot  and  Elaine  and  other  Idylls 
of  the  King,  and  The  Princess  ;  Webster's  First  Bunker 
Hill  Oration. 

French.  Chardenal's  Complete  French  Course ;  Grandgent's  Short 
French  Grammar ;  Grandgent's  Materials  for  French  Com- 


THE   CAMBRIDGE  ENGLISH  HIGH  SCHOOL.  49 

position  ;  Rogers's  French  Sight  Reading ;  Super's  Prepar- 
atory French  Reader ;  Worman's  First  French  Book ; 
Gasc's  French  Dictionary ;  Assollant's  Recits  de  la  Vieille 
France ;  Berthet's  Le  Pacte  de  Famine ;  Daudet's  La 
Belle-Nivernaise,  Le  Siege  de  Berlin ;  Erckmann-Chatri- 
an's  Le  Conscrit,  and  Histoire  d'un  Paysan ;  Halevy's 
L'Abbe  Constantin ;  Hugo's  La  Chute ;  Julliot's  Mile. 
Solange ;  Merimee's  Colomba ;  Michelet's  Recits  d'His- 
toire  de  France,  Part  II.  ;  Moliere's  L'Avare  ;  Sandeau's 
Mile,  de  la  Seigliere  ;  Ventura's  Peppino. 

German.  Brandt's  German  Reader  ;  Collar's  Eysenbach's  German 
Lessons ;  Dippold's  Scientific  German  Reader ;  Guerber's 
Marchen  und  Erzahlungen  ;  Harris's  German  Composi- 
tion ;  Mondan's  German  Selections  for  Sight  Translation  ; 
Worman's  First  German  Book ;  Kohler's  German  Diction- 
ary ;  Bernhardt's  Auf  der  Sonnenseite  ;  Freytag's  Aus  dem 
Staat  Friedrichs  des  Grossen,  and  Aus  neuer  Zeit ;  Goethe's 
Hermann  und  Dorothea ;  Grimm's  Marchen ;  Hillern's 
Hoher  als  die  Kirche  ;  Hoffmann's  Historische  Erzahlun- 
gen ;  Lessing's  Minna  von  Barnhelm  ;  Scheffel's  Ekkehard  ; 
Schiller's  Die  Jungfrau  von  Orleans,  and  Wilhelm  Tell ; 
Storm's  Immensee. 

Latin.  Collar  and  DanielPs  First  Latin  Book ;  Allen  and  Green- 
ough's  Latin  Grammar,  Caesar,  Ovid,  and  Virgil;  Chase 
and  Stuart's  Cornelius  Nepos. 

History.  Channing's  Students'  History  of  the  United  States  ; 
Johnson's  United  States  History ;  Montgomery's  History  of 
England ;  Allen's  Short  History  of  the  Roman  People ; 
Botsford's  History  of  Greece ;  Colbeck's  Historical  Atlas ; 
Ginn's  Ancient  Atlas  ;  Myers's  History  of  Greece  ;  Oman's 
History  of  Greece. 

Mathematics.  Bradbury's  Elementary  Algebra ;  Bradbury  and 
Emery's  Academic  Algebra ;  Bradbury's  Academic  Geom- 
etry, and  Trigonometry  and  Surveying ;  Crittenden's  Com- 
mercial Arithmetic;  Schwartz's  Office  Routine  and  Book- 
keeping; Wells's  University  Algebra;  Wentworth  and 
Hill's  Exercises  in  Arithmetic ;  Wentworth's  Elements  of 
Algebra,  College  Algebra,  Elements  of  Geometry,  and  Solid 
Geometry. 


50  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

Music.  Codas;  Beacon  Series,  Group  A;  Mendelssohn's  Four- 
Part  Songs. 

Science.  Appletons'  School  Physics;  Bergen's  Elements  of  Bot- 
any ;  Gage's  Introduction  to  Physical  Science ;  Gray's 
School  and  Field  Book  of  Botany ;  Hall  and  Bergen's 
Physics  ;  Hunt's  Hygiene ;  Pierce's  Problems  in  Elemen- 
tary Physics;  Williams's  Chemistry;  Young's  Astronomy. 

Miscellaneous.  Dawes's  How  We  Are  Governed  ;  Edwards's  My- 
thology; Fiske's  Civil  Government. 


THE    HIXDGE   MANUAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL. 


51 


COURSE   OF   STUDY   FOR  THE   RINDGE 
MANUAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL 


The  course  of  instruction  covers  four  years.  An  effort  is  made 
to  give  proper  emphasis  to  the  academic  features  of  the  course,  and 
to  make  that  work  interesting  and  effective  by  bringing  it  into  in- 
timate relation  with  instruction  in  the  mechanic  arts. 

The  manual  dexterity  and  the  thorough  knowledge  of  tools,  ma- 
chinery, and  mechanical  processes  acquired  in  the  shops,  at  an  age 
when  time  can  be  most  easily  spared  for  such  training,  is  of  inesti- 
mable value  in  any  scientific  pursuit. 

FOURTH    CLASS.       (TENTH    GRADE.) 


Hours  per 

week 

Months  per 
year 

5 

10 

5 

10 

3 

7 

Phvsioloj?v 

3 

3 

Supervised  Study  (  Algebra)   

2 

10 

Drawing      ^ 

10 

10 

Shopwork    $ 
Study  

5 

10 

The  course  in  algebra  includes  definitions  and  notations,  addi- 
tion, subtraction,  multiplication  and  division,  factoring,  fractions, 
equations  of  the  first  degree  with  one  or  more  than  one  unknown 
quantity,  powers  and  roots,  radicals  and  affected  quadratic  equa- 
tions. 

The  instruction  in  English  follows  the  plan  of  Lewis's  First 
Book  in  Writing  English.  Frequent  themes  are  required.  The 


52  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

literature  studied  is  selected  from  the  leading  authors,  and  in- 
cludes both  prose  and  poetry. 

The  text-book  prescribed  for  the  course  in  English  history  is 
Montgomery's  Leading  Facts.  The  topical  method  of  instruction 
is  employed,  and  the  boys'  note-books  contain  topics,  historical 
maps,  notes  of  collateral  reading,  important  dates,  and  various 
other  memory  aids.  Photographs  of  persons,  places,  and  scenes, 
guide-books  of  the  Tower  of  London  and  Westminster,  fac-similes 
of  the  Magna  Charta,  of  famous  death  warrants,  and  of  the  earliest 
newspapers  printed  are  utilized  as  helps  in  this  study. 

The  course  in  physiology  is  based  upon  a  series  of  talks  given  by 
leading  physicians.  Such  subjects  as  "  First  Aid  to  the  Injured" 
and  "  Red  Cross  Work  "  are  discussed. 

It  is  often  found  that  boys  of  the  entering  class  fail  to  use  their 
time  to  the  best  advantage  when  left  to  themselves  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  their  lessons  ;  two  hours  a  week,  therefore,  are  given  to 
systematic  instruction  in  methods  of  study. 

The  course  in  mechanical  drawing  includes  the  following :  — 
Use  of  T-square,  triangles,  scale,  pencil  and  compass,  mechanical 
alphabet  and  its  applications,  geometrical  constructions,  projec- 
tions, prisms,  cylinders,  etc.,  dimensioning,  intersections  and  devel- 
opments, and  tests. 

The  course  in  free-hand  drawing  includes  drawing  from  orna- 
ment in  the  flat,  elementary  design  and  free-hand  perspective  from 
models. 

Tlie  course  in  carpentry  and  joinery  is  as  follows :  —  Saw  and 
chisel  exercises,  halved  joints,  blind  mortise  and  tenon  joints,  open 
mortise  and  tenon  joints,  halved  dovetailed  joints,  dovetailed  joints, 
brace  joints,  boring  exercises,  dowel  joints,  table  leg  and  rail,  glued 
triangle  having  angles  of  30,  60,  and  90  degrees,  model  of  a  newel 
post,  tool  chest,  shoe-blacking  stand,  etc. 

The  tools  used  are  :  —  Rip,  cross-cut,  back,  and  keyhole  saws  ,* 
block,  jack,  rabbet  planes  and  jointer  ;  try-square,  chisels,  gouges, 
bit  stock,  bits,  level  marking-gauge,  hammer,  nail  set,  mallet, 
screw  driver,  counter  sink,  brad  awl,  spoke  shave,  clamps,  wood 
files,  drawing-knife,  mitre  box,  oilstone  and  grindstone. 


THE  RINDGE   MANUAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL.  53 

THIRD    CLASS.       (ELEVENTH    GRADE.) 


Hours  per 
week 

Months  per 
year 

French  

5 

10 

3 

10 

English                                                    .... 

2 

10 

Drawing  

5 

10 

Shopwork  .... 

10 

10 

Study  

5 

10 

The  course  in  French  is  elementary,  being  largely  based  upon 
oral  teaching  and  conversation  with  translation  of  such  French  as 
is  contained  in  Worman's  First  French  Book,  Peppino,  and  Le 
Siege  de  Berlin. 

The  instruction  in  geometry  follows  closely  the  plan  of  the  first 
three  books  of  Bradbury's  Academic  Plane  Geometry,  i.e.,  through 
the  geometry  of  the  circle.  Very  little  is  required  in  Books  IV. 
and  V.,  because  the  ground  is  covered  by  the  practice  in  mechani- 
cal drawing.  The  aim  of  the  course  is  to  cultivate  the  power  of 
close  and  accurate  reasoning,  by  a  careful  study  of  model  demon- 
strations. As  much  original  work  is  required  as  seems  consistent 
with  a  satisfactory  study  of  the  formal  demonstrations  outlined  in 
this  course. 

The  work  in  English  is  based  upon  Lockwood's  Lessons  in 
English.  This  course  embraces  an  outline  of  the  history  of  the 
English  language  and  the  elementary  principals  of  rhetoric.  Com- 
positions form  a  part  of  nearly  every  lesson.  The  authors  studied 
are  Scott,  Dickens,  and  Hawthorne. 

The  work  in  mechanical  drawing  includes  the  following  :  —  Ink- 
ing with  ruling  pen  and  compass  pen,  shade  lines,  the  standard 
bolt  with  formulas,  machine  drawing,  dimensioning  and  specifying, 
free-hand  outline  drawing,  mechanical  perspective,  free-hand  per- 
spective from  models,  free-hand  machine  drawing,  dimensioned 
constructions,  intersection  and  development  of  plane  surface  solids 
requiring  cutting  planes,  oblique  projections,  and  tests.  All  sheets 
are  executed  in  ink,  except  those  for  free-hand  and  mechanical 
perspective. 

The  course  in  free-hand  drawing  includes  drawing  from  ornament 


54 


CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


in  the  round,  applied  design,  laying  of  flat  color  washes  with  the 
brush,  model  and  object  drawing. 

The  course  in  wood-turning  is  preparatory  to  pattern-making,  and 
consists  of  exercises  in  measuring  with  calipers  and  dividers,  and  in 
cylindrical,  compound,  conical,  globe  chuck,  and  face-plate  turning. 

The  tools  used  are  :  —  Wood-turning  lathe,  inside  calipers,  out- 
side calipers,  dividers,  gouges,  chisels,  cutting-off  tool,  round-nose 
and  diamond-point  tools,  oil-stone,  and  oiler. 

The  pattern-making  work  consists  of  instruction  concerning  mould- 
ing, draught  of  patterns,  use  of  shrink  rule,  core  prints,  and  core 
boxes ;  followed  by  exercises  in  laying  out  patterns,  building  up 
cone-patterns,  jig-sawing,  and  all  operations  involved  in  making 
both  solid  and  split  patterns. 

The  course  in  forging  and  blacJcsmithing  is  as  follows  :  —  Exer- 
cises in  care  of  fire,  and  in  drawing,  upsetting,  bending,  riveting, 
welding,  punching,  and  tempering.  Some  of  the  articles  made  are : 
—  The  wedge,  square  point,  sign  dogs,  stone  dogs,  S-hooks,  bent 
welded  rings,  harness  hooks,  truck-hangers,  hooks  and  staples, 
swivels,  shafting-keys,  shaft  with  shoulders,  bent  angle-irons  for 
strengthening  joints,  welded  angle-irons,  chain  links,  eye  bolts  and 
ring,  device  with  bolt  and  cotter,  bolts  and  nuts,  square  and  hex- 
agonal lathe  tools,  tempered  spring,  flat  drill,  hammer,  blacksmith 
tongs,  etc. 

The  tools  used  are  :  —  Portable  forge,  anvil,  hand  hammer,  rule, 
square,  swedges,  fullers,  set  hammer,  hot  chisel,  cold  chisel,  hardy, 
outside  spring  calipers,  heading  tools,  and  various  tools  used  in 
caring  for  the  forge  fire. 

SECOND    CLASS.       (TWELFTH    GRADE.) 


Hours 

Months 

Hours 

Months 

College  Course 

per 

per 

General  Course 

per 

per 

week 

year 

week 

year 

Algebra  and  Geometry 

5 

10 

Phy«ics  

5 

10 

10 

10 

English  ) 
and      >•  

5 

10 

English  ) 
and      [•            

5 

10 

History  J 

History  J 

Drawing     1 

10 

10 

Drawing    ^| 

10 

10 

Shopwork  J 

Shop  work  J 

Study  

5 

10 

Sfnd  v 

PJ 

10 

THE  RINDGE  MANUAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL.  55 

At  the  beginning  of  the  third  year  a  choice  is  offered  between 
the  college  course  designed  for  boys  fitting  for  higher  scientific 
schools,  and  the  general  course  for  those  who  do  not  intend  to 
enter  the  higher  schools. 

The  mathematical  work  of  this  year  is  designed  to  meet  the  ad- 
mission requirements  of  the  Institute  of  Technology  and  the  Law- 
rence Scientific  School  in  elementary  algebra  and  plane  geometry, 
which  include  all  the  topics  of  academic  algebra,  through  geometri- 
cal progression,  and  the  first  five  books  of  plane  geometry.  The 
text-books  used  are  Bradbury  and  Emery's  Academic  Algebra  and 
Wentworth's  Elements  of  Plane  Geometry. 

The  course  in  French  is  a  continuation  of  conversational  methods, 
supplemented  by  translations  from  Les  Recits  de  la  Vieille  France, 
L'Histoire  d'un  Paysan,  and  other  similar  books. 

The  work  in  English  and  history  follows  the  entrance  require- 
ments of  the  Institute  of  Technology  and  the  Lawrence  Scientific 
School.  In  English  the  books  agreed  upon  by  the  colleges  are 
read,  and  much  written  work  is  required.  In  history  the  class  fol- 
lows Johnston's  United  States,  and  Montgomery's  Leading  Facts  of 
English  History,  but  these  books  furnish  only  a  small  part  of  the 
work  done.  From  topics  assigned  with  reference  to  larger  histori- 
cal works,  a  thorough  study  is  made  of  the  more  important  phases 
of  American  history;  essays  are  written  upon  the  lives  of  our 
great  statesmen  and  different  historical  movements ;  and  something 
is  attempted  in  the  way  of  individual  and  voluntary  study  of  some 
epoch  or  event. 

The  general  course  in  physics  is  conducted  on  substantially  the 
same  lines  as  that  indicated  under  the  college  course  for  the  fourth 
year.  It  is  not  influenced  by  college  requirements,  and  thus  ad- 
mits of  greater  variation  in  the  choice  of  experiments  and  topics. 
A  somewhat  more  extended  study  of  electricity  is  usually  under- 
taken in  this  course  than  in  the  other. 

The  course  in  mechanical  drawing  is  as  follows  :  —  Projections ; 
measurements  of  inclined  lines  with  applications ;  geometrical  con- 
structions, such  as  mathematical  curves,  the  helix  with  applications 
to  screws,  theory  of  conic  sections,  intersection  and  development 
of  solids  bounded  by  curved  surfaces  requiring  the  cutting  plane  ; 
theory  and  execution  of  the  spur  gears ;  machine  drawing  (detail 
and  assembled)  specified  and  dimensioned  for  use. 


CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


Each  student  is  treated  as  an  assistant  draughtsman  in  a  large 
office.  A  complete  machine  is  selected  and  each  assistant  draughts- 
man is  given  an  idea  of  some  part  which  he  must  develop,  and  of 
which  he  must  produce  a  correct  working  drawing.  At  least  two 
parts  are  thus  treated,  and  each  student  makes  two  or  more  tracings 
of  sheets  not  his  own.  From  these  he  makes  blue  prints  on  paper 
prepared  by  the  class.  The  total  time  in  the  drawing  office  is 
about  seventy  hours. 

The  course  in  free-hand  drawing  includes  light  and  shade  in  char- 
coal, drawing  from  the  plaster  cast,  drawing  from  groups  of  com- 
mon objects,  corner  of  room,  furniture,  etc.,  and  advanced  design, 

The  machine-shop  course  includes  iron  fitting  and  elementary 
machine-tool  work.  The  course  in  iron  fitting  is  as  follows :  — 
chipping,  filing,  fitting  of  sliding  parts,  scraping,  polishing,  drilling, 
tapping,  bolt  cutting,  hand  turning,  etc. 

The  tools  used  are  :  —  Scratch  awl,  machinist's  hammer,  prick- 
punch,  centre-punch,  spring  dividers,  spring  calipers,  try-square, 
flat,  cape  and  round  nosed  chisels,  various  forms  and  sizes  of  files, 
and  the  hand  lathe. 

The  elementary  machine-tool  course  consists  of  engine  lathe  work, 
including  the  cutting  action  and  setting  of  tools,  preparation  of  work 
for  the  lathe,  straight  and  taper  turning  and  boring,  chuck  drilling, 
and  the  use  of  measuring  tools. 

The  tools  used  are :  —  Engine  lathe,  lathe  tools,  chuck  drill,  cal- 
ipers, reference  gauge,  micrometer  caliper,  and  limit  gauge. 

FIRST    CLASS.       (THIRTEENTH    GRADE.) 


Hours 

Months 

Hours 

Months 

College  Course 

per 

per 

General  Course 

pei- 

per 

week 

year 

week 

year 

Advanced  French  

5 

10 

Chemistry  

5 

10 

English               } 

Physics  

3 

10 

5 

10 

Solid  Geometry  ) 

Civil  Government... 

2 

10 

Physics  

10 

10 

Ensrlish 

5 

10 

Drawing     ^ 

5 

10 

Drawing      } 

10 

10 

Shopwork  ) 

Shopwork    > 

Study                        .... 

5 

10 

Studv 

5 

10 

THE   RINDGE  MANUAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL.  57 

The  course  in  French  is  preparatory  for  the  advanced  work  re- 
quired for  college  admission,  and  includes  advanced  grammar 
work  and  translation  of  some  of  the  French  classics. 

The  English  in  the  college  course  is  a  continuation  of  the  second 
class  work.  In  the  general  course  it  is  planned  to  give  a  broad 
and  helpful  knowledge  of  our  best  English  literature  in  connection 
with  more  critical  composition  work  than  has  hitherto  been  offered. 

The  course  in  solid  geometry  follows  college  requirements. 

The  course  in  physics,  in  the  college  preparatory  schedule,  is 
based  on  the  requirements  for  admission  to  the  Lawrence  Scientific 
School  and  the  Institute  of  Technology.  Each  pupil  is  required  to 
perform  a  large  number  of  experiments,  making  his  own  observa- 
tions and  keeping  a  careful  record  of  them  in  his  note  book.  This 
individual  experimental  work  occupies  about  two-fifths  of  the  time, 
the  remainder  being  devoted  to  lectures,  recitations,  and  the  solu- 
tion of  practical  problems  depending  upon  the  principles  developed 
in  the  experiments  and  in  the  lectures. 

The  course  in  civil  government  follows  Fiske's  Civil  Government 
as  a  text-book,  but  it  is  also  intended  to  give  the  boys  an  insight 
into  the  practical  working  of  our  municipal  and  state  methods,  by 
visits  to  the  city  hall  and  to  the  state  house,  and  by  the  careful 
watching  of  current  events. 

The  mechanical  drawing  in  the  general  course  consists  of  ma- 
chine mechanism,  belting  principles,  bevel  gears  (elective),  worm 
gears,  rack  and  pinion  (elective),  assembling  a  machine  from 
details  (elective),  projection  and  cast  shadows,  isometric  projec- 
tion and  shadows,  use  of  color  washes  and  tints. 

The  student  may,  if  he  desires,  substitute  the  following  for  the 
drawing  marked  "  elective  "  :  —  Architectural  details,  as  sections 
through  a  building,  window  casings,  inside  and  outside  finish  and 
decorations,  etc.,  and  the  plans  and  elevations  of  at  least  two 
houses. 

The  work  for  the  college  course  is  as  follows :  —  Orthographic 
projections  and  shadows  with  color  washes  and  tints,  isometric 
projection,  simple  and  complicated  shadows,  isometric  intersections, 
etc.,  and  descriptive  geometry. 

The  course  in  free-hand  drawing  includes  drawing  in  charcoal 
(optional)  or  water  color,  and  advanced  design. 

The  machine-shop  course  includes  the  use    of  the   engine  lathe 


58 


CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


fixtures,  (compound,  back  and  follow  rests,  taper  attachments, 
etc.,)  screw  cutting,  use  of  planer  and  shaper,  milling,  drilling, 
and  boring  in  drill  press,  forming  and  grinding  cutting  tools,  con- 
struction and  assembling  of  machines,  and  the  use  of  special  tools. 

The  tools  used  are  those  of  the  third  year,  and  also  the  planer, 
shaper,  milling  machine,  sensitive  drill,  upright  drill,  drills,  ream- 
ers, arbors,  taps,  and  any  other  tools  needed  to  complete  a  piece 
of  work. 

Throughout  the  entire  course  the  pupils  in  each  shop  work  from 
blue  prints  giving  details  and  specifications,  or  from  drawings 
specially  prepared  by  themselves. 

TEXT-BOOKS    OF    THE    RINDGE    MANUAL    TRAINING    SCHOOL. 

[These  books  may  be  used  in  the  Latin  School  or  English  High  School  whenever  the 
committee  on  high  schools  shall  so  direct.] 

English  Literature.  Lewis's  First  Book  in  Writing  English ; 
Lockwood's  Lessons  in  English  ;  American  Poetry  ;  Burke's 
Speech  on  Conciliation  with  the  Colonies  ;  Carlyle's  Essay 
on  Burns ;  Cooper's  Last  of  the  Mohicans ;  Dickens's 
Christmas  Stories,  and  Tale  of  Two  Cities ;  DeQuincey's 
Revolt  of  the  Tartars  ;  Dryden's  Palamon  and  Arcite  ;  Gold- 
smith's Vicar  of  Wakefield ;  Hawthorne's  House  of  the 
Seven  Gables,  and  Twice  Told  Tales ;  Masterpieces  of 
British  Literature  ;  Milton's  Paradise  Lost ;  Pope's  Trans- 
lation of  the  Iliad,  Books  I.,  VI.,  XXII.,  XXIV. ;  Scott's 
Abbot,  Ivanhoe,  The  Lady  of  the  Lake,  Marmion,  and 
Quentin  Durward  ;  Shakespeare's  As  You  Like  It,  Julius 
Caesar,  Macbeth,  Merchant  of  Venice,  A  Midsummer- 
Night's  Dream,  Richard  III.,  and  Twelfth  Night;  Sir 
Roger  de  Cover  ley  Papers ;  Tennyson's  Lancelot  and 
Elaine  and  other  Idylls  of  the  King. 

French.  Chardenal's  Complete  French  Course  ;  Grandgent's 
Short  French  Grammar ;  Grandgent's  Materials  for  French 
Composition ;  Rogers's  French  Sight  Reading ;  Super's  Pre- 
paratory French  Reader ;  Worman's  First  French  Book  ; 
Gasc's  French  Dictionary ;  Assollant's  Recits  de  la  Vieille 
France ;  Berthet's  Le  Pacte  de  Famine ;  Daudet's  La 
Belle-Nivernaise,  and  Le  Siege  de  Berlin ;  Erckmann-Chat- 
rian's  Histoire  d'un  Paysan  ;  Halevy's  L'Abbe  Constantin  ; 


THE  RINDGE  MANUAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL.  59 

Hugo's  La  Chute ;  Julliot's  Mile.  Solange ;  Merimee's 
Colomba ;  Michelet's  Recits  d'Histoire  de  France,  Part  II. ; 
Moliere's  L'Avare ;  Sandeau's  Mile,  de  la  Seigliere ;  Ven- 
tura's Peppino. 

German.  Brandt's  German  Grammar ;  Collar's  Eysenbach's  Ger- 
man Lessons;  Dippold's  Scientific  German  Reader ;  Harris's 
German  Composition ;  Mondan's  German  Selections  for 
Sight  Translation ;  Wor man's  First  German  Book ;  Koh- 
ler's  German  Dictionary  ;  Bernhardt's  Auf  der  Sonnenseite ; 
Freytag's  Aus  dem  Staat  Friedrichs  des  Grossen ;  Goethe's 
Hermann  und  Dorothea;  Grimm's  Marchen ;  Guerber's 
M archen  und  Erzahlungen ;  Hillern's  Hb'her  als  die  Kirche ; 
Hoffmann's  Historische  Erzahlungen  ;  Lessing's  Minna  von 
Barnhelm ;  SheffeFs  Ekkehard ;  Schiller's  Die  Jungfrau 
von  Orleans,  and  Wilhelm  Tell ;  Storm's  Immensee. 

History.  Channing's  Students'  History  of  the  United  States ; 
Johnston's  United  States  History;  Montgomery's  History 
of  England. 

Mathematics.  Bradbury's  Elementary  Algebra;  Bradbury  and 
Emery's  Academic  Algebra;  Bradbury's  Academic  Geome- 
try ;  Well's  University  Algebra ;  Wentworth's  Elements 
of  Algebra,  College  Algebra,  and  Elements  of  Geometry, 
Solid  Geometry. 

Science.  Appletons'  School  Physics ;  Gage's  Introduction  to 
Physical  Science ;  Hall  and  Bergen's  Physics ;  Pierce's 
Problems  in  Elementary  Physics ;  Williams's  Chemistry. 

Miscellaneous.  Dawes's  How  We  Are  Governed.  Fiske's  Civil 
Government. 


60 


CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


COURSE  OF  STUDY   FOR  THE  CAMBRIDGE 
GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS 


The  course  of  study  is  divided  in  two  ways:   (1)  into  six  sec- 
tions;  (£)  into  four  sections;  each  section  covering  a  year's  work. 
Pupils  taking  the  course  in  six  years    are  classified  in  six  grades, 
called  the  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  seventh,  eighth,  and  ninth  grades. 
9     «         «     «  Those  taking  it  in  four  years  are  classi- 

2     3  fied   in  four  grades,  called  grades  A,  B, 

£**         ^\  ^>         ^» 

C,  and  D.  When  pupils  are  promoted 
to  the  grammar  schools  they  begin  the 
first  year's  work  together.  After  two 
or  three  months  they  are  separated  into 
two  divisions. 

One  division  advances   more  rapidly 
than  the  other,  and  during  the  year  com- 
«  pletes  one-fourth  of  the  whole  course  of 
o  study.      The    other    division    completes 

one-sixth  of  the  course. 
„       During  the  second  year  the  pupils  in 
2  grade  B  are  in  the  same  room  with  the 
sixth  grade.     At   the  beginning  of  the 

•  year  they  are  five  months   (one-half  the 
&  school  year)  behind  those  in  the  sixth 
•    grade.    After  two  or  three  months*grade 

•  B  is  able  to  recite  with  the  sixth  grade, 
J  £  and  at  the  end  of  the  year  both  divisions 

have  completed  one-half  the  course  of 
study  —  the  one  in  two  years  and  the  other  in  three  years.  The 
plan  for  the  last  half  of  the  course  is  the  same  as  for  the  first  half, 
the  grades  being  known  as  the  seventh,  eighth,  and  ninth  in  the 
one  case,  and  as  C  and  D  in  the  other. 

Arrow  No.  1  indicates  the  four  years'  course;  grades  A,  B,  C,  D.  Arrow  No.  2  in- 
dicates one  of  the  five  years'  courses;  grades  A,  B,  7,  8,  9.  Arrow  No.  3  indicates  the 
other  five  years'  course;  grades  4,  5,  6,  C,  D.  Arrow  No.  4  indicates  the  six  years' 
course ,  grades  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9. 


CAMBRIDGE   GRAMMAR   SCHOOLS.  61 

There  are  also  two  ways  of  completing  the  course  in  five  years  : 
(1)  any  pupil  who  has  completed  one-half  the  course  in  two  years 
may  at  the  end  of  that  time  be  transferred  to  the  seventh  grade 
and  finish  the  course  in  three  years ;  (2)  any  pupil  who  has  com- 
pleted one-half  of  the  course  in  three  years  may  at  the  end  of 
that  time  be  transferred  to  grade  C,  and  finish  the  course  in  two 
years.  In  both  cases  these  changes  can  be  made  without  omitting 
or  repeating  any  part  of  the  course. 

READING. 

Fourth  Grade  and  Grade  A.  Hans  Andersen's  Stories,  Stories  of 
American  Life  and  Adventures,  and  one  or  more  of  the  au- 
thorized Readers.  Selections  of  poetry  and  prose  (minimum 
number  of  lines,  100)  are  to  be  committed  to  memory  and 
recited,  not  in  concert  only,  but  by  each  pupil ;  also  to  be 
written  frequently  from  memory. 

Additional  for  Grade  A.  Old  Greek  Stories,  Ruskin's 
King  of  the  Golden  River,  and  selections  from  the  author- 
ized Readers  used  in  the  fifth  grade. 

Filth  Grade.  Ruskin's  King  of  the  Golden  River,  Old  Greek 
Stories,  and  one  or  more  of  the  authorized  Readers.  Se- 
lections of  poetry  and  prose  (minimum  number  of  lines,  150) 
are  to  be  committed  to  memory  and  recited,  not  in  concert 
only,  but  by  each  pupil ;  also  to  be  written  frequently  from 
memory. 

Sixth  Grade  and  Grade  B.  Hawthorne's  Little  Daffydowndilly 
and  Biographical  Stories,  Longfellow's  The  Children's 
Hour,  Eggleston's  First  Book  in  American  History,  and 
one  or  more  of  the  authorized  Readers.  Selection  of  po- 
etry and  prose  (minimum  number  of  lines,  200)  are  to  be 
committed  to  memory  and  recited,  not  in  concert  only,  but 
by  each  pupil ;  also  to  be  written  frequently  from  memory. 

Seventh  Grade  and  Grade  C.  Hawthorne's  Wonder  Book,  Hig- 
ginson's  Young  Folks'  History  of  the  United  States,  and 
selections  from  the  authorized  Readers.  Selections  of  po- 
etry and  prose  (minimum  number  of  lines,  200)  are  to  be 
committed  to  memory  and  recited,  not  in  concert  only,  but 
by  each  pupil;  also  to  be  written  frequently  from  memory. 


62  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

Additional  for  Grade  C.  Burroughs's  Birds  and  Bees, 
Hawthorne's  Grandfather's  Chair  and  Tanglewood  Tales. 
The  last  two  books  may  be  read  at  home,  the  pupils  being 
required  to  give  an  account  of  them,  at  school. 

Eighth  Grade.  Burroughs's  Birds  and  Bees,  Hawthorne's  Grand- 
father's Chair  and  Tanglewood  Tales.  Selections  of  poetry 
and  prose  (minimum  number  of  lines,  200)  are  to  be  com- 
mitted to  memory  and  recited,  not  in  concert  only,  but  by 
each  pupil ;  also  to  be  written  frequently  from  memory. 

Ninth  Grade  and  Grade  D.  Masterpieces  of  American  Literature. 
Selections  of  poetry  and  prose  (minimum  number  of  lines, 
200)  are  to  be  committed  to  memory  and  recited,  not  in 
concert  only,  but  by  each  pupil ;  also  to  be  written  fre- 
quently from  memory. 

Additional  Books  for  Each  Grade.  For  the  purpose  of  cultivating 
a  taste  for  good  reading,  additional  books  will  be  supplied 
in  sets  containing  a  sufficient  number  of  copies  to  enable 
one-half  the  pupils  in  a  class  to  read  the  same  book  at  the 
same  time.  These  books  will  be  selected  by  the  principal 
from  a  list  approved  by  the  committee. 

REMARKS.  The  "  additional  books  "  are  to  be  read  at  home,  or 
silently  in  the  schoolroom,  or  aloud  by  one  division  while  the  other 
listens.  The  reading  of  each  book  should  be  an  occasion  for  teach- 
ing language.  The  pupils  should  be  required  to  give  an  account 
of  what  they  read,  both  orally  and  in  writing. 

LANGUAGE. 

Fourth  Grade  and  Grade  A.  Such  lessons  in  Hyde's  Practical 
Lessons  in  the  use  of  English  for  Fourth  Year  of  School  as 
shall  be  especially  helpful  in  teaching  pupils  to  express 
their  thoughts  correctly. 

Additional  for  Grade  A.  A  short  composition  each  week 
which  may  be  prepared  at  home. 

Fifth  Grade.  Such  lessons  in  the  first  half  of  Southworth  and 
Goddard's  First  Lessons  in  Language  as  shall  be  especially 
helpful  in  teaching  pupils  to  express  their  thoughts  cor- 
rectly. Give  especial  attention  to  letter  writing. 

Sixth  Grade  and  Grade  B.     Such  lessons  in  Southworth  and  God- 


UNIVERSITY 

CAL 

dard's  First  Lessons  in  Language  as  shall  tend  to  awaken 


THE   CAMBRIDGE    GRAMMAR   SCHOOLS.  V   n.        63    ^\^ 


and  stimulate  thought,  and  be  helpful  in  teaching  pupils  to 
write  fluently  and  correctly. 

Seventh  Grade  and  Grade  C.  Southworth  and  Goddard's  Ele- 
ments of  Composition  and  Grammar,  chapters  X.  to  XV. 
inclusive,  with  such  parts  of  the  first  nine  chapters  as  shall 
be  especially  helpful  in  teaching  pupils  of  these  grades  to 
understand  and  write  good  English.  Continue  letter  writ- 
ing, make  out  bills,  and  write  frequently  short  compositions 
on  familiar  subjects. 

Additional  for  Grade  C.     A  short  composition  each  week 
which  may  be  prepared  at  home. 

Eighth  Grade.  Southworth  and  Goddard's  Elements  of  Composi- 
tion and  Grammar,  chapters  XVI.  to  XXIII.  inclusive, 
with  a  review  of  the  previous  chapters.  Continue  the  writ- 
ten work  of  the  seventh  grade. 

Ninth  Grade  and  Grade  D.  Southworth  and  Goddard's  Elements 
of  Composition  and  Grammar;  The  study  of  Evangeline, 
Snow  Bound,  The  Chambered  Nautilus,  Thanatopsis,  The 
Great  Stone  Face,  Webster's  Address  at  the  Laying  of  the 
Corner  Stone  of  Bunker  Hill  Monument,  Lincoln's  Gettys- 
burg Speech,  and  The  Prelude  to  Part  First  of  the  Vision 
of  Sir  Launfal. 

Compositions  of  from  five  to  ten  lines  each  day,  and  longer 
compositions  once  in  two  weeks. 

REMARKS.  Too  much  time  is  often  given  to  what  may  be  called 
the  mechanical  part  of  language  work.  The  use  of  capitals  and 
punctuation  marks,  and  even  spelling,  can  be  taught  equally  well, 
if  not  better,  in  connection  with  what  pupils  write  in  giving  expres- 
sion to  their  thoughts.  It  should  be  the  aim  of  teachers  to  awaken 
and  stimulate  thought  on  the  part  of  their  pupils  and  guide  them 
in  giving  expression  to  it.  Every  lesson  should  become  a  lan- 
guage lesson,  and  drawing  as  well  as  the  written  and  spoken  word 
should  be  used  as  means  of  expression. 

SPELLING. 

Fourth  Grade.  Harrington's  Spelling  Book,  Part  First  to  page  60. 
Grade  A.  Harrington's  Spelling  Book,  Part  First. 


64  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

Fifth  Grade.     Harrington's  Spelling  Book,  Part  First,  and  Part 

Second  to  page  25. 
Sixth    Grade    and    Grade  B.     Harrington's    Spelling    Book,  Part 

Second  to  page  61,  and  page  91. 

Seventh  Grade  and  Grade  C.  Harrington's  Spelling  Book.  Part 
Second. 

REMARKS.  The  pupils  in  each  room  should  be  taught  to  write 
the  names  of  one  another,  the  name  of  their  teacher,  the  name  of 
their  school,  the  names  of  the  streets  and  of  the  trees  in  the  vicinity 
of  their  school,  and  of  the  shrubs  and  flowers  in  their  gardens. 

The  spelling  of  the  names  of  cities,  states,  countries,  rivers, 
mountains,  etc.,  and  of  technical  words,  should  be  taught  in  connec- 
tion with  the  subjects  in  which  they  are  used. 

The  pupils  in  the  sixth,  seventh,  eighth,  and  ninth  grades 
should  have  constant  practice,  in  finding  the  pronunciation  and 
meaning  of  words  from  the  dictionary. 

GEOGRAPHY. 

Fourth  Grade  and  Grade  A.  The  topics  in  Frye's  Primary  Ge- 
ography, to  page  54. 

Additional  for   Grade  A.     The  topics  between  pages  54 
and  79. 

Fifth  Grade.     The  topics  in  Frye's  Primary  Geography. 

Sixth  Grade  and  Grade  B.  The  topics  in  Frye's  Complete  Geog- 
raphy to  page  62. 

Additional  for   Grade  B.       The    unfinished  work  of   the 
fifth  grade. 

Seventh  Grade  and  Grade  C.  The  United  States  (pages  INS- 
IST), Canada,  Mexico,  West  Indies  (pages  158,  159,  160), 
Europe  (pages  75-86,  161-167),  the  political  geography  of 
South  America  (pages  168,  169,  170),  and  a  review  of  the 
prominent  physical  features  of  North  and  South  America. 
Read  from  time  to  time  what  is  printed  in  large  type  on 
races  of  men,  plants,  animals,  and  commerce  (pages  99- 


Additional  for  Grade  G.     The  physical  and  political  geog- 
raphy of  Asia,  Africa,  and  Australia. 
Eighth  Grade.     The    physical    and   political    geography    of  Asia 


CAMBRIDGE   GRAMMAR   SCHOOLS.  65 

(pages  63-74,  170,  171,  172),  of  Africa  (pages  87-94, 
173,  174),  of  Australia  (pages  95-98,  175  ;  the  New  Eng- 
land States  (pages  2—8,  18—84  in  the  Supplement)  ;  races 
of  men,  plants,  animals,  and  commerce  (pages  99-122), 
with  a  general  review  of  the  work  of  the  sixth  and  seventh 
grades. 

REMARKS.  Pupils  should  be  made  familiar  with  geographical 
terms,  and  definitions  as  their  use  is  required.  Frye's  Teachers' 
Manual  should  be  in  constant  use.  Attention  is  called  to  topic  3, 
page  17. 

MATHEMATICAL   STUDIES. 

Fourth  Grade  and  Grade  A.  Addition,  subtraction,  multiplication, 
and  division  of  whole  numbers  and  of  decimals,  using  no 
whole  number  of  more  than  five  figures,  no  divisor  of  more 
than  three,  and  no  decimal  beyond  thousandths.  In  the 
division  of  decimals  the  divisor  is  to  be  a  whole  number. 
Addition  and  subtraction  of  like  fractions,  and  of  fractions 
whose  common  denominator  does  not  exceed  twelve. 
Teach  the  tables  of  United  States  money,  liquid  measure, 
and  dry  measure,  with  practical  examples  in  changing  num- 
bers of  one  denomination  to  the  next  higher  or  lower. 
Additional  for  Grade  A.  Avoirdupois  weight,  multiplica- 
tion and  division  of  fractions,  including  mixed  numbers ; 
also  the  greatest  common  factor  and  the  least  common  mul- 
tiple of  two  and  three  numbers,  each  less  than  100,  and 
cancellation. 

Fifth  Grade.  Addition,  subtraction,  multiplication,  and  division  of 
whole  numbers,  of  decimals,  and  of  common  fractions,  in- 
cluding mixed  numbers;  also  the  greatest  common  factor 
and  the  least  common  multiple  of  two  and  three  numbers, 
each  less  than  100,  and  cancellation.  No  decimal  to  extend 
beyond  thousandths,  no  fraction  to  have  a  denominator 
greater  than  twelve,  and  no  example  to  contain  more  than 
three  fractions.  In  the  division  of  decimals  the  divisor  is  to 
be  a  whole  number. 

Teach  the  table  of  avoirdupois  weight,  a  part  of  the  tables 
of  long  measure,  square  measure,  cubic  measure  (inches, 
feet,  yards),  and  time  measure  (seconds,  minutes,  hours,  days, 


66  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

weeks),  with  practical  examples  in  changing  numbers  of  one 
denomination  to  the  next  higher  or  lower.  Percentage  with 
simple  practical  examples. 

Sixth  Grade  and  Grade  B.  Common  fractions  and  decimal  frac- 
tions. Teach  the  tables  of  long  measure,  square  measure, 
cubic  measure  (inches,  feet,  yards),  avoirdupois  weight, 
liquid  measure,  dry  measure,  time  measure  (seconds,  min- 
utes, hours,  days,  weeks),  and  miscellaneous  measures,  with 
practical  examples  in  changing  a  compound  number  to  a 
simple  number  of  a  lower  denomination,  and  a  simple 
number  to  a  compound  number  of  higher  denomination. 
Simple  interest  at  6  per  cent. 

Additional  for  Grade  B.  The  unfinished  work  of  the  fifth 
grade. 

Seventh  Grade  and  Grade  C.  Compound  numbers,  including  the 
mensuration  of  rectangular  surfaces  and  solids  ;  percentage ; 
profit  and  loss;  commission  and  brokerage;  insurance; 
taxes ;  and  simple  interest. 

Additional  for   Grade   C.     Partial  payments ;  problems  in 
interest;  bank  discount;  and  commercial  discount. 
Eighth  Grade.      Partial    payments ;  problems    in    interest ;    bank 
discount ;  commercial  discount ;  compound  interest ;  bonds  ; 
and  ratio  and  proportion. 

Ninth  Grade  and  Grade  D.  Partnership  ;  involution ;  evolution  ; 
square  root ;  metric  system  ;  bookkeeping,  confined  to  sim- 
ple, personal  and  business  accounts ;  and  concrete  geometry. 
The  application  of  elementary  algebra  to  arithmetical  prob- 
lems may  be  added  at  the  option  of  the  teacher. 
Additional  for  Grade  D.  The  unfinished  work  of  the 
eighth  grade. 

REMARKS.  In  teaching  these  subjects  the  examples  should  be 
of  a  simple  practical  character.  Save  time  by  using  small  num- 
bers. Many  of  the  examples  should  be  made  by  the  pupils.  Those 
in  the  text-books  are  to  be  used  according  to  the  judgment  of  the 
teacher.  Methods  of  doing  work  are  more  important  than  the 
amount  of  work  done.  A  single  example  carefully  performed,  with 
the  reasons  for  every  operation  given  either  orally  or  in  writing, 
will  do  more  for  the  advancement  of  the  pupil  than  the  working  of 
many  examples  without  explanation. 


THE  CAMBRIDGE   GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS.  67 

PHYSICS. 

The  following  outline  of  the  work  in  physics  was  arranged  by 
Professor  Edwin  H.  Hall  of  Harvard  University. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  list  does  not  contain  any  exercise  in  heat, 
sound,  electricity,  or  magnetism.  Professor  Hall  explains  this  by 
saying :  "  It  is  my  opinion  at  present  that  laboratory  work  in  these 
divisions  of  physics  is  too  difficult  or  too  expensive  for  grammar 
school  classes.'' 

LIST    OF    EXPERIMENTS. 

1.  Volume  of  a  solid  by  overflow  of  water  from  a  vessel  filled 

before  the  immersion  of  the  solid. 

2.  Weight  of  a  cubic  centimeter  of  wood  by  measuring  and 

weighing  a  block   of  rectangular   or   other   convenient 
shape. 

3.  Weight  of  water   displaced   by  a  floating  body  compared 

with  weight  of  the  body. 

4.  Demonstration  of  the  principle  of  Archimedes. 

5.  Specific  gravity  of  a  solid  that  sinks  in  water. 

6.  Specific  gravity  of  wood  by  immersion  with   a  sinker  in 

water. 

7.  Specific  gravity  of  wood  by  flotation. 

8.  Specific  gravity  of  a  liquid  by  specific  gravity  bottle. 

9.  Specific  gravity  of  a  liquid  by  loss   of  weight  of  a  solid 

immersed  therein. 

10.  The  straight  lever. 

11.  Experiment    upon  the   centre  of  gravity  of   an  irregular 

body,  and  the  influence  of  its  weight  when  it  is  used  as 
a  lever. 

12.  Levers  of  the  second  and  third  classes. 

13.  Force  exerted  at  the  fulcrum  of  a  lever. 

14.  Laws  of  the  simple  pendulum. 

15.  Images  in  a  plane  mirror. 

16.  Index  of  refraction  of  glass. 

17.  Focal  length  of  a  lens. 

18.  Law  of  conjugate  foci  of  a  lens. 

19.  Position,  size  and  shape  of  a  real  image  formed  by  a  lens. 

20.  Position,  size  and  shape  of  a  virtual  image  formed  by  a 

lens. 


68  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

HISTORY. 

Sixth  Grade  and  Grade  B.     Eggleston's  First  Book  in  American 

History  used  as  a  reading  book. 
Seventh  Grade  and  Grade  C.     Higginson's  Young  Folks'  History 

of  the  United  States  used  as  a  reading  book. 
Eighth  Grade  and  Grade  C.     The  first  twelve  chapters  of  Fiske's 

History  of  the  United  States. 
Ninth    Grade    and    Grade    D.     Thomas's  History  of  the  United 

States. 

FOR   ALL   THE   GRADES. 

Physiology  and  Hygiene.  Give  instruction  in  these  subjects- 
in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  Commonwealth. 

The  law  is  as  follows  :  — 

."  Physiology  and  hygiene,  which,  in  both  divisions  of  the  subject, 
shall  include  special  instruction  as  to  the  effects  of  alcoholic  drinks, 
stimulants,  and  narcotics  on  the  human  system,  shall  be  taught  as  a 
regular  branch  of  study  to  all  pupils  in  all  schools  supported  wholly  or 
in  part  by  public  money." 

Moral  Instruction.  The  duty  of  every  teacher  is  clearly  defined 
by  the  following  extract  from  the  laws  of  our  Commonwealth :  — 

"  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  instructors  of  youth  to  exert  their  best 
endeavors  to  impress  on  the  minds  of  children  and  youth,  committed  to 
their  care  and  instruction,  the  principles  of  piety  and  justice,  and  a 
sacred  regard  to  truth ;  love  of  their  country,  humanity,  and  universal 
benevolence;  sobriety,  industry,  and  frugality;  chastity,  moderation, 
and  temperance ;  and  those  other  virtues  which  are  the  ornament  of 
human  society,  and  the  basis  upon  which  a  republican  constitution  is 
founded ;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  instructors  to  endeavor  to 
lead  their  pupils,  as  their  ages  and  capacities  will  admit,  into  a  clear 
understanding  of  the  tendency  of  the  above-mentioned  virtues,  to  pre- 
serve and  perfect  a  republican  constitution,  and  secure  the  blessings  of 
liberty,  as  well  as  to  promote  their  future  happiness,  and  also  to  point 
out  to  them  the  evil  tendency  of  the  opposite  vices.'' 

Patriotic  Songs.  Teach  the  following  songs :  America ;  The 
Star  Spangled  Banner ;  Hail  Columbia  ;  Our  Flag  is  There  ;  The 
Red,  White,  and  Blue  ;  the  Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic ;  Home,. 
Sweet  Home. 

REMARK.  Each  pupil  should  be  able  to  repeat  and  write  the 
words.  It  is  recommended  that  in  singing  "  America  "  the  pupils 
always  rise. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE    GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS.  69 

Physical  Exercises.  Fifteen  minutes  are  to  be  used  each  day  for 
physical  exercises  in  the  primary  and  grammar  schools,  of  which 
the  Ling  system  of  Swedish  gymnastics  is  to  be  a  part.  During 
this  time  the  schoolrooms  should  be  thoroughly  ventilated. 

Music.     See  directions  of  the  director  of  music. 

Drawing.     See  directions  of  the  director  of  drawing. 

Botany.      See  directions  of  the  special  teacher  of  botany. 

Penmanship.  Each  master  will  select  from  the  authorized  list 
the  books  for  his  own  school. 

NATURE   STUDY. 

The  following  is  the  outline  of  the  work  in  nature  study  pre- 
pared by  Miss  Sarah  E.  Brassill,  the  special  teacher.  (See  primary 
course  of  study  for  the  outline  of  the  work  in  the  primary  grades.) 

FOURTH    YEAR FOURTH    GRADE. 

September.  Autumn  flowers.  Review  the  acquaintance  with 
the  flowers  of  the  month.  Add  to  past  work  the  study  of  com- 
posites, using  sunflower  or  marigold  as  the  type.  Compare  them 
with  the  simpler  clusters  in  the  number,  size,  and  arrangement  of 
parts.  Account  for  differences.  Search  all  specimens  for  cocoons 
they  may  contain.  Watch  the  spinning  of  cocoons  to  be  saved  for 
further  observation. 

October.  Native  trees.  Insects.  Learn  to  recognize  from 
seven  to  twelve  trees,  choosing  those  most  common  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. As  the  leaves  fall,  observe  the  general  shape  of  the  trees, 
the  manner  of  branching,  and  the  character  of  the  bark.  Study 
one  characteristic  fall  insect,  as  the  cricket. 

November.  Nests.  As  the  leaves  fall,  locate  deserted  birds' 
nests.  From  specimens  or  from  pictures,  study  various  types, 
noting  especially  their  adaptation  to  their  use.  Make  note  of  any 
favorite  nesting  places  for  reference  later. 

December.  Study  the  habits  of  our  common  winter  birds  — 
crow,  sparrow,  and  pigeon  —  to  learn  how  to  observe  the  living 
bird.  From  museum  specimens  and  from  pictures,  learn  terms  in 
common  use  in  describing  birds  and  simple  facts  of  structure. 

January.     Continue  the  bird  study.     Make  an  effort  to  attract 


70 


CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


such  birds  as  are  in  the  neighborhood  to  the  school  grounds  by 
providing  food  and  shelter.  Search  for  any  traces  of  winter  plant 
or  animal  life  which  might  be  a  source  of  food  to  the  birds. 

February.  Minerals.  Develop  the  idea  of  a  mineral  world. 
Learn  to  recognize  minerals  in  common  use  in  daily  life.  Show 
any  connection  they  may  have  with  plant  or  animal  life.  Collect 
any  specimens  of  minerals  or  building  stones  to  be  found  in  the 
district. 

March.  Folding  of  leaves  in  a  bud.  Gather  twigs  having 
large,  well-formed  buds.  Place  some  in  water  and  watch  the  un- 
folding of  the  leaves.  Make  cross-sections  of  others  and  determine 
the  arrangement  of  the  leaves  in  the  bud.  Look  for  a  similar  ar- 
rangement of  parts  in  flower  buds.  Watch  again  the  return  of  the 
birds. 

April.  Development  of  animal  life.  Gather  frogs'  eggs  and 
keep  them  in  pond  water  in  the  schoolroom  for  observation.  Note 
their  first  appearance  and  all  subsequent  changes.  Watch  for  all 
signs  of  awakening  life  out-of-doors.  Make  an  effort  to  attract 
birds  about  the  school  building  by  providing  material  for  their 
nests. 

May.  Incomplete  and  imperfect  flowers.  Gather  catkins  from 
the  willow,  poplar,  and  oak ;  also  blossoms  of  the  elm  and  maple. 
Determine  what  parts  of  the  flower  are  present. 

Try  to  discover  how  the  work  of  the  blossom  is  done.  Note  es- 
pecially any  insects  found  among  the  blossoms. 

June.  Insects.  Study  the  bee  and  the  beetle  as  types  of  insect 
life.  Review  all  previous  work  on  insects  and  flowers,  tracing  the 
adaptation  of  one  to  the  other.  Follow  the  cycle  of  plant,  insect, 
and  bird  life  in  its  relation  to  the  life  of  people. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS.  71 


SEALS     OF     THE    STATE,    CITY,    AND     HARVARD 

COLLEGE. 

Teach  the  inscription  and  motto  on  the  State  seal,  the  City 
seal,  and  the  seal  of  Harvard  College. 

Official  description  of  the  State  seal.  The  great  seal  of  the  Com- 
monwealth shall  be  circular  in  form, 
and  shall  bear  upon  its  face  a  represen- 
tation of  the  arms  of  the  Common- 
wealth, with  an  inscription  round  about 
such  representation,  consisting  of  the 
words  "SIGILLUM  BEIPUBLKLE 
MASSACHUSETTENSIS  ; "  but  the 
colors  of  such  arms  shall  not  be  an 
essential  part  of  said  seal,  and  an 
impression  from  an  engraved  se;il 
according  to  said  design,  on  any  com- 
mission,paper,or  document  of  any  kind, 
shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  whether  such  colors,  or  the 
representation  of  such  colors  by  the  customary  heraldic  lines  or  marks, 
be  employed  or  not. 

The  arms  of  the  Commonwealth  shall  consist  of  a  shield,  whereof 

the  field  or  surface  is  blue,  and  thereon 
an  Indian  dressed  in  his  shirt  and  moc- 
casins, holding  in  his  right  hand  a  bow, 
in  his  left  hand  an  arrow,  point  down- 
ward, all  of  gold;  and  in  the  upper  cor- 
ner above  his  right  arm  a  silver  star  with 
five  points.  The  crest  shall  be  a  wreath 
of  blue  and  gold,  whereon  is  a  right 
arm  bent  at  the  elbow,  and  clothed  and 
ruffled,  the  hand  grasping  a  broadsword, 
all  of  gold.  The  motto  shall  be 
^EXSE  PETIT  PL  ACID  AM  SUB 
LIBERTATE  QUIETEM." 

INSCRIPTION  (translated):  Seal  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

MOTTO  (translated):  With  the  sword  she  seeks  calm  peace  under 
liberty;  or,  With  the  sword  she  seeks  peaceful  quiet  with  freedom;  or, 
With  the  sword  she  seeks  the  tranquil  peace  of  f ive  lorn. 


72  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

ARMS   OF   THE   COMMONWEALTH. 

The  following  account  of  the  origin  of  the  State  seal  given  by 
Dr.  Morrill  Wyman  is  of  special  interest.  He  says  :  "  Of  the  seal 
of  Massachusetts  many  may  know  the  history  ;  some,  however,  may 
like  to  be  reminded  or  informed  how  its  motto  came  to  be  adopted 
by  the  founders  of  our  Commonwealth.  The  following  is  probably 
its  origin :  — 

Algernon  Sidney,  an  English  statesman,  at  the  end  of  Charles 
the  First's  reign,  wrote  his  most  celebrated  work,  his  "  Discourses 
on  Government,"  in  which,  for  the  first  time,  the  sovereignty  of  the 
people,  as  the  foundation  of  government,  was  distinctly  maintained 
and  the  propriety  of  resistance  to  kingly  oppression  or  misrule  vin- 
dicated. He  also  wrote  in  the  album  of  the  royal  library  at  Copen- 
hagen and  again  in  Utrecht  these  two  Latin  lines  : 

"Manus  haec.,  inimica  tyrannis, 
Ense  petit  placidam  sab  libertate  quietem." 

"  This  hand  the  rule  of  tyrants  to  oppose. 
Seeks,  with  the  sword,  fair  freedom's  soft  repose/' 

The  second  line  was  selected  as  the  motto  for  the  seal  of  our 
Commonwealth.  The  hand  in  the  arms  grasping  a  broadsword 
takes  the  place  of  the  word  manus  in  the  omitted  first  line  of  the 
couplet,  and  thus  completes  the  grammatical  construction. 

By  the  splendid  "  Discourse  on  Government,"  and  by  these 
lines,  the  profligate  Charles  II.  was  so  angered  that  Algernon  Sid- 
ney was  arrested,  thrown  into  the  Tower,  and  after  a  trial,  con- 
ducted with  a  shameless  absence  of  equity,  beheaded  December  17, 
1683. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   GRAMMAR   SCHOOLS. 


73 


Official  description  of  the  City  seal.  The  following  shall  be  the 
device  of  the  seal  of  the  city,  to  wit : 
In  the  centre  thereof  a  shield  bearing 
upon  it  a  view,  on  the  right  the 
towers  of  Gore  hall,  and  on  the  left 
the  Washington  elm ;  under  the  shield 
the  inscription  shall  be, 

"CAXTABRIGIA  COXDITA  A.  D.  1630: 
Cin  CO  REGIMIXE  DOXATA  A.  D.  1846. 

Around  the  seal,  as  the  city  motto,  shall  be  the  words, 

"LITERIS  AXTIQVIS  NOVIS  IXSTITVTIS  DECORA." 

INSCRIPTION  (translated)  :  Cambridge  founded  A.  I).  1630.  Made 
a  city  A.  D.  1846. 

MOTTO  (translated)  :  Adorned  with  ancient  letters  and  new  institu- 
tions. 


Arms  Gules;   three  open 


Official  description  of  the  College  seal. 

books  Argent,  edges  covers  and  clasps 
Or;  on  the  books  the  letters  VE  RI  TAS 
Sable.  The  seal  contains  a  shield  with 
the  arms  placed  on  a  circular  field 
Or,  on  which  the  words  CHRISTO 
ET  ECCLESIAE  Azure;  and  around 
the  words  SIGILLVM  ACADEMIAE 
HARVARDIANAE  IN  NOV  ANG. 


INSCRIPTION  (translated):  Seal  of  Harvard  College  in  Xew  England. 
MOTTO  (translated):  Truth.*    To  Christ  and  the  Church. 


74 


CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


CAMBRIDGE  GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS 

1899 


The  time  in  hours  and  minutes  given  each  week  to  the  work  required  by  the  course 
of  study. 


GRADES. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

4-30 

4-30 

4-40 

5 

4-30 

4-30 

4-30 

4-30 

4 

4 

4 

3-30 

3 

3 

3 

3-20 

3 

1-30 

1-30 

1-30 

1-20 

1-20 

1-00 

\Vrittcn  arithmetic*  • 

3-30 

3-30 

3-30 

3-35 

3-35 

3-25 

1-20 

Historv  *                            •  •  •  • 

30 

40 

3 

3-00 

Writino"  (Copybooks)  

1-40 

1-40 

1-30 

1-30 

1-20 

1-20 

1-20 

1-20 

1-20 

1-20 

SeWinG"    ...                                        ....                  .... 

45 

45 

45 

Music  .         

50 

50 

50 

50 

50 

50 

70 

70 

70 

70 

70 

70 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

1-20 

"pV)V«MpS! 

1-20 

50 

Total  time                         

23-45 

23-45 

23-45 

23-45 

23-45 

23-45 

A.  Language  includes  spelling,  sentence  writing,  letter  writing,  business  forms, 
copying  selections  of  poetry  and  prose  from  memory,  compositions,  technical  grammar. 

B.  A  part  of  the  reading  should  be  for  the  purpose  of  cultivating  a  taste  for  reading 

C.  Physiology  and  hygiene  are  to  be  taught  with  special  reference  to  the  effect  of 
alcoholic  drinks,  stimulants,  and  narcotics  on  the  human  system. 

D.  The  time  required  for  lessons  on  patriotism,  morals,  manners,  etc.,  is  to  be  taken 
whenever  a  favorable  occasion  is  presented  for  inculcating  these  virtues. 

*  Including  the  elements  of  civil  government  in  the  ninth  grade. 
tTime  to  be  taken  from  that  as  signed  to  language  and  drawing. 


THE  CAMBRIDGE   GRAMMAR  SCHOOLS.  75 

TEXT-BOOKS    IN    THE    GRAMMAR    SCHOOLS. 

Reading  Books.  Barnes's  ;  Franklin ;  Harper's  ;  Heart  of  Oak 
Books ;  Lippincott's  (new  series) ;  Monroe's ;  Stickney's 
American  Prose ;  Baldwin's  Fifty  Famous  Stories  Retold*, and 
Old  Greek  Stories  ;  Burroughs's  Birds  and  Bees ;  By  Land 
and  Sea  (The  Companion  Series)  ;  Carpenter's  Geographi- 
cal Reader* ;  Cooper's  Spy* ;  Defoe's  Robinson  Crusoe  ; 
Dickens's  Christmas  Carols  ;  Eggleston's  Stories  of  Ameri- 
can Life  and  Adventure,  and  Stories  of  Great  Americans  for 
Little  Americans*  ;  Frye's  Brooks  and  Brook  Basins  ;  Gil- 
man's  Historical  Readers  ;  Hans  Andersen's  Stories  ;  Haw- 
thorne's American  Classic  Series,  Grandfather's  Chair,  Lit- 
tle Daffydowndilly,  Tanglewood  Tales,  and  Wonder  Book  ; 
Hughes's  Tom  Brown's  School  Days  at  Rugby*  ;  Irving's 
Sketch  Book  (selections);  King's  Picturesque  Geographical 
Readers,  Part  1.;  Longfellow's  Children's  Hour,  Evange- 
line,  and  Hiawatha ;  Masterpieces  of  American  Literature  ; 
Ruskin'sKing  of  the  Golden  River;  Scott's  Ivanhoe*  ;  Talks 
About  Animals  (The  Companion  Series)  ;  Whittier's  Child 
Life  (selections),  and  Snow  Bound;  Wiggin's  Lessons  on 
Manners  ;  Wood's  Natural  History  Readers ;  Wright's  Sea- 
side and  Way-side. 

Dictionaries.  Worcester's  Comprehensive,  and  New  School.  For  Ref- 
erence, Worcester's  and  Webster's  Unabridged,  and  Web- 
ster's International. 

Arithmetic.  Bradbury  Eaton's  Practical  ;  Bradbury's  Sight ;  Col- 
burn's  First  Lessons ;  Franklin  (Cambridge  Ed.)  ;  Seaver 
and  Walton's  Mental. 

Bookkeeping.     Meservey's  Single  Entry. 

Geography.  Frye's  Complete  ;  Frye's  Primary  ;  Frye's  Home  and 
School  Atlas. 

Geometry.     Hornbrook's  Concrete. 

History.  Thomas's,  used  in  the  ninth  grade ;  Fiske's,  used  in  the 
eighth  grade;  Higginson's,  used  as  a  reading  book  in  the 
seventh  grade  ;  Eggleston's  First  Book  in  American  His- 
tory used  as  a  reading  book  in  the  sixth  grade. 

Language.  Hyde's  Practical  Lessons  in  English ;  Metcalf's  Lan- 
guage Exercises ;  Southworth  and  Goddard's  First  Lessons 

in  Language,  and  Elements  of  Composition  and  Grammar. 
*  These  books  will  be  supplied  in  sets  of  from  fifteen  to  thirty  copies. 


76 


CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 


Music.  Carey's  Graded  Exercises ;  National  New  Second,  New 
Third,  and  New  Fourth  Readers ;  The  Educational  Sixth 
Reader ;  Mason's  New  National  Music  Charts ;  The  Edu- 
cational Music  Chart. 

Spelling  Books.     Harrington's  ;  Metcalf's. 

Copy  Books.     Common  Sense  (vertical). 

Drawing  Books.     Prang's  Complete  Course. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   PRIMARY    SCHOOLS.  77 


COURSE  OF  STUDY  FOR  THE  CAMBRIDGE 
PRIMARY  SCHOOLS 


READING. 

FIRST    YEAR FIRST    GRADE. 

(1)  Teach  reading  at  first  from  the  blackboard,  using  short  sen- 
tences expressing  in  the  pupils'  own  words  thoughts  suggested  to 
them  by  observation  and  conversation.  Reading  from  the  black- 
board should  be  continued  throughout  the  year.  (£)  As  soon  as 
the  pupils  understand  that  written  or  printed  sentences  stand  for 
thought,  teach  them  to  recognize  the  words  of  the  sentences,  and 
then  the  sounds  and  letters  composing  those  words.  (3)  After  the 
first  six  weeks  of  school  life,  use  the  authorized  reading  books  for 
the  first  grade.  (4)  Teach  a  few  pieces  of  standard  poetry,  also 
quotations  and  maxims,  as  a  part  of  the  regular  exercises,  and  copy 
what  is  taught  each  term  into  a  blank  book. 

REMARKS.  (1)  Pleasant  conversational  tones  should  be  cultiva- 
ted in  the  pupils  in  speaking  to  one  another,  and  the  same  tones 
should  be  used  in  their  reading.  (£)  "  To  give  ease  and  natural- 
ness, nothing  is  more  important  than  to  read  in  phrases.  Thus,  '  I 
can  see,'  should  be  spoken  as  fluently  as  if  it  were  one  word,  like 
<  repartee.'  (3)  The  articles  a  and  the  should  be  joined  to  the  fol- 
lowing word,  as  if  they  formed  the  first  syllable  of  it."  (4)  The 
pupils  should  be  so  guided  as  gradually  to  gain  the  power  of 
making  out  the  words  of  a  sentence  and  of  getting  its  thought.  (5) 
A  portion  of  the  time  devoted  to  reading  should  be  set  apart  for 
reading  aloud  by  the  teacher.  Standard  literature  suited  to  the 
capacity  of  the  pupils  should  be  used. 

SPELLING  AND   DICTATION. 

FIRST    YEAR FIRST    GRADE. 

(1)  Give  the  pupils  careful,  persistent  drill  in  analyzing  the 
spoken  word  into  its  elementary  sounds,  and  the  written  word  in- 


78  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

to  the  letters  or  combinations  of  letters  representing  those  sounds. 
(2)  By  the  middle  of  the  year  let  the  pupils  write  words  and'  short 
sentences  from  dictation.  (3)  Lead  them  to  observe  (a)  that  the 
first  word  of  every  sentence  begins  with  a  capital  letter;  (6)  that 
the  word,  I,  is  a  capital  letter ;  (c)  that  the  names  of  persons,  days 
of  the  week,  and  months  of  the  year  begin  with  capital  letters ;  (d) 
that  a  period  is  placed  after  every  complete  statement;  (e)  that 
every  question  is  followed  by  a  question  mark.  (4)  Teach  the  use 
of  the  apostrophe  when  it  denotes  possession.  (5)  Teach  the  names 
and  sounds  of  all  the  letters  before  the  close  of  the  year. 

REMARKS.  (1)  Pupils  should  have  much  practice  in  the  use  of 
letter  tablets  in  word  and  sentence  building.  (£)  The  spelling  of 
words  from  memory  should  not  be  required  until  pupils  can  spell 
them  readily  at  sight  and  point  to  each  letter  as  it  is  named.  (3) 
The  sentences  used  for  the  spelling  and  dictation  lessons  should 
contain  words  selected  from  the  other  lessons  of  the  day.  (4)  The 
work  in  dictation  should  be  the  means  for  teaching  the  technical 
part  of  written  language.  (5)  This  technical  work  should  include, 
among  other  exercises,  the  copying  of  sentences  from  the  reading 
book,  blackboard,  or  cards ;  the  writing  of  sentences  dictated  by  the 
teacher ;  and  the  writing  of  sentences  containing  certain  words 
specified  by  the  teacher,  the  spelling  of  which  has  already  been 
taught. 

WRITING. 

FIRST    YEAR FIRST    GRADE. 

(1)  Teach  the  forms  and  the  names  of  the  letters  and  the  Arabic 
numerals  in  the  order  given  in  the  vertical  writing  books.  (2)  Let 
the  pupils  copy  words  and  sentences  from  the  blackboard  and  from 
cards.  (3)  Teach  them  to  write  their  own  names,  first  copying 
them  from  cards,  and  then  writing  them  from  memory.  (4)'  Use 
the  authorized  writing  book  for  the  first  grade. 

REMARKS.  (1)  All  blackboard  work  intended  for  the  pupils' 
use  in  copying  should  be  large  and  clear,  of  correct  form,  and  easy 
to  read  from  every  seat  in  the  schoolroom.  (2)  From  the  begin- 
ning the  pupils  should  be  taught  the  use  and  care  of  pen,  ink,  and 
paper,  and  great  attention  should  be  given  to  the  form  and  size  of 
the  letters.  Teach  spacing  as  soon  as  possible.  (3)  The  greatest 
care  should  be  taken  that  the  pupils  in  all  their  written  work, 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   PRIMARY   SCHOOLS.  79 

maintain  a  correct  and  healthful  position  of  the  body.  (4)  Dur- 
ing each  writing  lesson  the  pupils'  work  should  be  constantly  exam- 
ined and  needed  help  and  suggestions  given.  (5)  The  small  let- 
ters, the  capital  letters,  and  the  Arabic  numerals  should  be  on  the 
blackboard  at  all  times. 

NUMBER. 

FIRST    YEAR FIRST    GRADE. 

Teach  the  numbers  from  1  to  10  inclusive. 
Adding  and  subtracting  with  objects : 

a.  Without  figures. 

b.  With  figures. 

Multiplying  and  dividing  with  objects : 

a.  Without  figures. 

b.  With  figures. 

Teach  the  equal  fractional  parts  of  the  numbers  taught  by  means 
of  objects.     Uneven  division  should  also  be  taught. 

Give  much  practice  in  adding  short  columns  of  figures,  the  sum 
not  to  exceed  ten ;  verify  by  subtraction. 

Let  the  numbers  be  written  in  words. 

Teach  the  Roman  numerals  to  10. 

Teach  the  pupils  to  divide  an  object  into  halves,  thirds  and 
fourths  ;  and  to  combine  halves,  thirds,  and  fourths  to  form  the 
whole  again. 

Teach  the  one-cent  and  two-cent  pieces,  the  nickel  and  the  dime . 
Teach  the  number  of  pints  in  a  quart,  days  in  a  week,  and  months 
in  a  year. 

Use  the  Cambridge  Number  Card :  —  First  Year's  Work. 

A  variety  of  easy  problems  should  be  invented  by  both  teacher 
and  pupils  in  connection  with  the  work  in  number. 

READING. 

SECOND    YEAR SECOND    GRADE. 

(1)  Use  the  authorized  reading  books  for  the  second  grade.  (£) 
Teach  a  few  pieces  of  standard  poetry,  also  quotations  and  maxims, 
as  a  part  of  the  regular  exercises,  and  copy  what  is  taught  each 
term  into  a  blank  book. 

REMARKS.     (1)    See   remarks    for   the    first   grade.     (2)    The 


80  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL   COMMITTEE. 

blackboard  should  be  in  constant  use.  Each  day  the  pupils  should 
find  upon  it  new  reading  matter  —  some  interesting  fact,  an  ex- 
ample in  number,  a  story,  a  question,  or  a  direction.  (3)  To  train 
pupils  to  get  the  thought  as  they  read,  they  should  be  questioned 
upon  the  text,  and  be  required  to  give  in  their  own  words  the  sub- 
stance of  the  story  read.  (4)  Pupils  should  be  allowed  to  read 
frequently  without  correction  or  comment  on  the  part  of  the 
teacher.  (5)  The  reading  of  poetry  should  not  be  omitted.  (6) 
A  portion  of  the  time  devoted  to  reading  should  be  set  apart  for 
reading  standard  literature  suited  to  the  capacity  of  the  pupils.  A 
part  of  this  should  be  done  by  the  pupils,  the  selections  being 
simple  enough  to  be  read  without  hesitation,  "interesting  enough 
to  keep  the  attention  of  the  class,  and  valuable  enough  to  be  worthy 
of  becoming  a  permanent  possession  of  the  children's  minds."  (7) 
Pupils  should  have  practice  in  the  elementary  sounds  of  the  conso- 
nants and  consonant  combinations,  separately  and  in  combination 
with  the  vowels.  This  will  help  to  secure  good  tone  and  correct 
pronunciation,  and  will  enable  them  to  find  out  words  for  them- 
selves. (8)  Give  simple,  well  chosen  exercises  in  enunciation, 
emphasis,  force  and  pitch  of  voice. 

SPELLING  AND   DICTATION. 

SECOND    YEAR SECOND    GRADE. 

(1)  Continue  phonic  analysis,  and  oral  spelling  of  words  by  let- 
ter, also  the  writing  of  words  and  sentences  from  dictation.  (2) 
Review  the  use  of  capital  letters  given  for  the  first  grade.  (3) 
Lead  the  pupil  to  observe  (a)  that  the  word  "  O"  is  a  capital  letter ; 

(6)  that  the  first  word  of  every  line  of  poetry  begins  with  a  cap- 
ital letter ;   (c)  that  the  names  of  countries,  cities,  or  towns,  schools, 
streets,  squares,  parks,  states,  and  holidays  begin  with  capital  letters. 
(4)   Review  the  use  of  the  period  given  for  the  first  grade,  and 
teach  that  every  abbreviation  should  be  followed  by  a  period.      (5) 
Review  the  use  of  the  question  mark.     (6)   Review  the  use  of  the 
apostrophe  to  denote  possession,  and  teach  its  use  in  contractions. 

(7)  Teach  the  arrangement  of  work  upon  paper.     (8)  Teach  the 
abbreviations  Mr.,  Mrs.,  A.ns.,  A.M.,  and  P.M.      (9)   Pupils  should 
know  the  order  of  the  letters  in  the  alphabet  before  the  close  of 
the  year. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   PRIMARY  SCHOOLS.  81 

WRITING. 
SECOND    YEAR SECOND    GRADE. 

(1)  Continue  the  practice  in  writing  the  letters  separately,  also 
in  making  the  Arabic  numerals,  and  in  copying  words  and  senten- 
ces from  the  blackboard,  cards,  and  books.  (2)  Let  the  pupils 
write  their  own  addresses  and  the  name  of  their  teacher  and  of  their 
school.  (3)  Use  the  authorized  writing  book  for  the  second  grade. 

REMARKS.     See  remarks  for  the  first  grade. 

NUMBER. 

SECOND    YEAR SECOND    GRADE. 

Review  the  work  for  the  first  grade. 

Teach  addition  and  subtraction,  multiplication  and  division  of 
numbers  to  50,  no  multiplier  or  divisor  greater  than  12  being 
required.  The  numbers  to  20  should  be  taught  objectively. 

Teach  the  equal  fractional  parts  of  numbers  to  50.  The  frac- 
tional parts  of  the  numbers  to  20  should  be  taught  objectively. 
Uneven  division  should  also  be  taught. 

Give  much  practice  in  rapid  work,  especially  the  addition  of 
short  columns  of  figures.  Verify  the  work  in  addition  by  subtrac- 
tion. 

Let  the  pupils  write  in  words  and  in  figures  the  numbers  to  50. 

Teach  the  Roman  numerals  to  50. 

Add  by  twos,  threes,  fours,  etc.,  to  50  ;  subtract  by  twos,  threes, 
fours,  etc.,  from  50. 

Continue  the  work  in  the  invention  of  problems  by  both  teacher 
and  pupils. 

Teach  operations  in  addition,  subtraction,  multiplication,  and 
division  to  50,  one  of  the  numbers  being  greater  than  10,  the 
other  10  or  less  than  10. 

Teach  the  number  of  dimes  and  cents  in  a  dollar,  the  number  of 
quarts  in  a  gallon,  quarts  in  a  peck,  pecks  in  a  bushel,  and  units  in 
a  dozen. 

Use  Cogswell's  Lessons  in  Number. 

READING. 

THIRD  YEAR THIRD  GRADE. 

(1)     Use  the  authorized  reading    books  for   the    third   grade. 


82  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

(£)  Teach  a  few  pieces  of  standard  poetry,  also  quotations  and 
maxims,  as  a  part  of  the  regular  exercises,  and  copy  what  is  taught 
each  term  into  a  blank  book. 

REMARKS.  (1)  See  remarks  for  the  second  grade.  (2)  Occa- 
sionally assign  a  piece  to  be  read  silently  ;  and,  without  having  it 
read  orally,  require  pupils  to  give  in  their  own  words  the  substance 
of  what  they  have  read. 

SPELLING   AND   DICTATION. 

THIRD  YEAR THIRD  GRADE. 

(1)  Review  the  work  for  the  previous  grade.  (£)  Teach  the 
use  of  the  exclamation  point.  (3)  Continue  phonic  analysis  and 
oral  spelling  of  words  by  letter,  also  the  writing  of  words  and 
sentences  from  dictation.  (4)  Before  the  close  of  the  year  the 
pupils  shall  know  the  Alphabet  Song  as  arranged  by  the  director 
of  music. 

WRITING. 

THIRD  YEAR THIRD  GRADE. 

(1)  Continue  the  work  as  suggested  for  the  second  grade.  (2) 
Let  the  pupils  write  their  own  addresses,  the  name  of  their  teacher 
and  of  their  school,  and  the  names  of  other  pupils  in  the  class. 
Use  the  authorized  writing  book  for  the  third  grade. 

REMARKS.     See  remarks  for  the  first  grade. 

NUMBER. 

THIRD    YEAR THIRD    GRADE. 

Review  the  work  for  the  second  grade. 

Teach  addition  and  subtraction,  multiplication  and  division  of 
numbers  to  144  inclusive,  no  multiplier  or  divisor  greater  than  12 
being  required. 

Teach  the  fractional  parts  of  numbers  to  144  inclusive,  using  no 
fraction  smaller  than  T^ 

Continue  the  practice  in  rapid  work,  especially  the  addition  of 
columns  of  figures,  and  aim  to  secure  accuracy  as  well  as  rapidity. 
Verify  the  work  in  addition  by  subtraction. 

Add  by  twos,  threes,  fours,  etc.,  to  100 ;  subtract  by  twos,  threes, 
fours,  etc..  from  100, 


THE  CAMBRIDGE  PRIMARY  SCHOOLS.         83 

Teach  easy  problems  involving  the  use  of  denominate  numbers. 

Let  the  pupils  write  numbers  in  words  and  in  figures  to  thou- 
sands; also  let  them  perform  simple  examples  in  addition,  subtrac- 
tion, multiplication,  and  division,  using  no  numbers  of  more  than 
four  figures. 

Continue  the  work  in  the  invention  of  problems  by  both  teacher 
and  pupils. 

Teach  Roman  numerals  to  100. 

Teach  the  number  of  gills  in  a  pint,  ounces  in  a  pound,  seconds 
in  a  minute,  minutes  in  an  hour,  hours  in  a  day,  days  in  a  year, 
inches  in  a  foot,  feet  in  a  yard,  square  inches  in  a  square  foot,  and 
square  feet  in  a  square  yard. 

Give  exercises  in  buying  and  selling  and  making  change,  telling 
the  time  of  day,  and  weighing  and  measuring. 

Use  Cogswell's  Lessons  in  Number. 

LANGUAGE. 

ALL    THE    GRADES. 

(1)  Give  pupils  daily  practice  in  speaking  and  writing  their  own 
thoughts,  in  order  that  they  may  be  trained  to  speak  and  write 
fluently  and  correctly.  The  following  subjects  may  be  used  for 
this  purpose :  —  Color,  form,  size,  qualities  of  objects,  the  human 
body,  plants,  animals,  natural  phenomena,  the  reading  lessons, 
pictures,  short  stories  chosen  from  myths,  lives  of  heroes  and  hero- 
ines, and  events  in  our  own  and  in  other  countries.  (2)  The  writ- 
ten language  should  include  exercises  to  teach  the  correct  use  of 
capital  letters,  punctuation  marks,  etc.,  as  suggested  under  Spelling 
and  Dictation,  also  the  writing  of  the  pupils'  own  thoughts  as  sug- 
gested by  their  observation  and  conversation  lessons.  (3)  Occas- 
ionally have  pupils  make  requests  in  writing.  (4)  In  the  third 
grade  use  Hyde's  Practical  Lessons  in  English,  For  Third  Year  of 
School. 

DESK    WORK. 

ALL    THE    GRADES. 

The  purpose  of  this  work  is  to  cultivate  in  pupils  habits  of  study 
and  industry,  to  furnish  profitable  employment  for  the  hours  of 
school  not  occupied  by  oral  work,  and  to  train  the  pupils  so  that 
they  will  know  how  to  employ  usefully  their  leisure  time  out  of 
school. 


84  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

Let  the  program  for  desk  work  be  as  carefully  prepared  as  for 
oral  class  exercises. 

Place  upon  the  board  the  program  of  desk  work  for  one  session. 
Give  enough  work  to  employ  the  quickest  of  the  pupils  during  the 
session.  Do  not  require  the  slower  pupils  to  accomplish  all  the 
work,  but  require  them  to  be  studious  and  to  do  as  much  as  they 
can  do  well. 

Connect  the  desk  work  as  closely  as  possible  with  the  oral  class 
exercises,  and  let  the  one  depend  upon,  or  be  a  partial  preparation 
for,  the  other. 

Let  the  desk  work  be  as  varied  as  possible,  and  include  exer- 
cises in  reading,  writing,  language,  and  number ;  in  the  use  of 
letter  tablets ;  in  drawing  and  in  manual  training. 

Have  regular  times  for  the  examination  of  the  desk  work,  and 
require  all  work  to  be  well  done. 

FOR    ALL   THE   GRADES. 

Physiology  and  Hygiene.     Give  instruction  in  these  subjects  in 
accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  Commonwealth. 
The  law  is  as  follows  : 

"  Physiology  and  hygiene,  which,  in  both  divisions  of  the  subject 
shall  include  special  instruction  as  to  the  effects  of  alcoholic  drinks, 
stimulants,  and  narcotics  on  the  human  system,  shall  be  taught  as  a 
regular  branch  of  study  to  all  pupils  in  all  schools  supported  wholly  or 
in  part  by  public  money." 

Moral  Instruction.  The  duty  of  every  teacher  is  clearly  denned 
by  the  following  extract  from  the  laws  of  our  Commonwealth  : 

"  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  all  instructors  of  youth  to  exert  their  best 
endeavors  to  impress  on  the  minds  of  children  and  youth,  committed  to 
their  care  and  instruction,  the  principles  of  piety  and  justice,  and  a 
sacred  regard  to  truth ;  love  of  their  country,  humanity,  and  universal 
benevolence;  sobriety,  industry,  and  frugality;  chastity,  moderation, 
and  temperance ;  and  those  other  virtues  which  are  the  ornament  of 
human  society,  and  the  basis  upon  which  a  republican  constitution  is 
founded ;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  instructors  to  endeavor  to 
lead  their  pupils,  as  their  ages  and  capacities  will  admit,  into  a  clear 
understanding  of  the  tendency  of  the  above-mentioned  virtues,  to  pre- 
serve and  perfect  a  republican  constitution,  and  secure  the  blessings  of 
liberty,  as  well  as  to  promote  their  future  happiness,  and  also  to  point 
out  to  them  the  evil  tendency  of  the  opposite  vices." 

Physical  Exercises.     Fifteen  minutes  each  day  are  to  be  used  for 


THE   CAMBRIDGE  PRIMARY  SCHOOLS.  85 

physical  exercises  in  the  primary  and  grammar  schools,  of  which 
the  Ling  system  of  Swedish  gymnastics  is  to  be  a  part.  During 
this  time  the  schoolrooms  should  be  thoroughly  ventilated. 

Music.     See  directions  of  the  director  of  music. 

Drawing.     See  directions  of  the  director  of  drawing. 

Botany.     See  directions  of  the  special  teacher  of  botany. 

NATURE    STUDY. 

The  following  is  the  outline  of  the  work  in  Nature  Study  pre- 
pared by  Miss  Sarah  E.  Brassill,  the  special  teacher. 

FIRST    YEAR FIRST    GRADE. 

September.  Wild  flowers.  Gather  wild  flowers  and  keep  them 
growing  in  the  schoolroom.  Learn  to  recognize  at  least  seven. 
Observe  the  parts  of  the  plant,  their  color,  shape,  size,  and  use. 
Describe  and  draw  from  the  first.  Teach  the  words  most  frequently 
used,  as  part  of  the  reading  lesson.  Let  the  pupils  help  to  gather 
and  care  for  the  plants. 

October.  Autumn  leaves  and  twigs.  Gather  autumn  leaves 
from  trees  in  the  neighborhood,  also  twigs  on  which  the  leaves  are 
still  clinging.  Recognize  at  least  three.  Observe  the  attachment 
to  the  stem,  the  parts  and  qualities  of  the  leaf,  and  the  buds  which 
remain  when  the  leaves  fall.  Begin  the  teaching  of  memory  gems. 

November.  Fruit.  Bring  to  school  fruits  found  in  the  market 
at  this  season.  Study  carefully  such  typical  ones  as  apple,  grape, 
and  pumpkin.  Learn  to  recognize  many.  Find  the  parts  and 
think  of  their  uses  in  protecting  and  distributing  the  seeds.  Con- 
nect this  work  with  harvest  and  Thanksgiving. 

December.  Evergreen  trees.  Study  the  white  pine  as  a  type. 
Observe  the  character  of  the  trunk ;  the  number,  arrangement,  and 
growth  of  the  branches,  leaves,  and  buds ;  and  the  kind  of  cones. 
Think  of  the  adaptation  to  outdoor  life  in  winter.  Learn  to  recog- 
nize other  evergreens.  Connect  this  work  with  Christmas. 

January  and  February.  Review.  Use  plants  growing  in  the 
schoolroom  for  a  review  of  parts  of  a  plant  and  leaf.  As  the  blos- 
soms fade  watch  the  change  from  flower  to  fruit.  Teach  the  pupils 
to  care  for  house  plants.  Begin  observations  of  the  weather  phe- 
nomena. 

March.     Contents  of  seeds  and  buds.     Bring  into  the  school- 


86  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

room  large  buds,  such  as  lilac,  horse-chestnut,  or  hickory.  Observe 
the  number,  character,  and  arrangement  of  the  scales  and  leaves. 
Recall  the  autumn  work  on  twigs,  and  think  why  protection  is 
needed.  Place  buds  in  water  in  a  sunny  window  and  watch  the 
development  day  by  day.  Examine  large  seeds  such  as  bean,  pea, 
and  squash,  to  find  the  coverings,  germ,  and  food  supply.  Think 
of  the  use  of  each. 

April.  Germination.  Start  typical  seeds  in  sawdust,  on  blot- 
ting paper,  and  in  earth.  Review  the  work  done  in  March,  and 
observe  carefully  all  changes  in  the  growing  seeds.  Plant  a  few 
seeds  of  each  kind  in  the  school  yard  or  in  window  boxes  for  later 
use.  Watch  during  this  month  for  any  returning  birds. 

May.  Flowers  and  birds.  Gather  wild  plants  having  simple, 
perfect  flowers,  and  keep  them  growing  in  the  schoolroom.  Learn 
to  recognize  many.  Observe  the  parts  of  the  flower,  their  position, 
color,  shape,  and  use.  Continue  to  watch  for  the  birds. 

June.  Flowers  and  leaves.  Continue  the  May  work  on  flow- 
ers. Add  the  careful  study  of  leaves,  using  such  leaves  as  pear  or 
cherry  for  the  type.  Learn  to  recognize  flowers  and  shrubs  found 
in  any  park  or  public  grounds  near  by.  Examine  any  insects 
found  on  the  flowers.  Look  for  leaves  showing  traces  of  insect  life. 
Review  the  work  of  the  year  as  an  incentive  to  home  work  during 
the  summer. 

SECOND    YEAR SECOND    GRADE. 

September.  Wild  Flowers.  Review  and  extend  the  work  of  the 
first  year.  Learn  to  recognize  from  ten  to  twenty  new  flowers. 
Study  the  arrangement  of  parts  in  irregular  and  unsymmetrical 
flowers.  Learn  to  find  the  nectar  and  any  nectar  guides  in  such 
flowers.  Watch  for  insects  on  or  about  the  flowers. 

October.  Simple  and  compound  leaves.  Gather  twigs  with  the 
leaves  attached.  Think  of  reasons  for  the  different  shape,  size,  and 
arrangement  of  the  leaves.  Learn  to  distinguish  simple  and  com- 
pound leaves.  Watch  the  development  of  any  caterpillars  found 
on  the  twigs. 

November.  Fruits  and  seeds.  Gather  seed  pods  of  various  kinds. 
Observe  the  attachment  of  the  seeds  to  the  pod,  the  coverings  which 
protect  them,  and  the  means  by  which  they  escape  from  the  pod 
when  ripe. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE  PRIMARY  SCHOOLS.  87 

December  and  January.  Evergreen  trees.  Review  the  white 
pine.  Examine  spruce,  fir,  and  juniper,  according  to  the  same 
plan.  Compare  each  with  the  pine  and  think  of  the  effect  of  the 
differences  on  the  life  of  the  tree.  Gather  specimens  of  the  wood, 
bark,  and  spray,  for  the  school  collection. 

February.  Development  of  buds.  Review  and  extend  the 
work  of  the  first  year.  Observe  the  position,  number,  form,  size, 
color,  and  covering  of  the  buds.  Watch  the  buds  as  they  unfold 
and  note  the  number,  character,  and  arrangement  of  scales  and 
leaves.  Compare  all  buds  with  ones  previously  studied  to  empha- 
size differences. 

March.  Roots.  Bring  to  school  such  vegetables  as  turnips, 
parsnips,  and  beets.  Compare  them  with  ordinary  roots  and  also 
with  stems.  Find  the  evidences  of  the  past  year's  growth  and  the 
preparation  for  a  future  growth.  Place  one  specimen  in  water  or 
in  earth  and  watch  its  development.  Continue  the  bird  work  be- 
gun during  the  first  year. 

April.  Seeds.  Choose  the  bean  and  corn  as  types  of  mono- 
cotyledon and  dicotyledon.  Compare  in  the  number  and  position 
of  parts,  kind  of  food  supply,  first  and  subsequent  steps  of  growth, 
and  arrangement  and  kind  of  leaves.  Find  other  seeds  of  each 
kind.  Plant  many  and  compare  in  growth.  As  growth  continues, 
note  the  habits,  especially  of  the  stems.  Study  a  few  peculiar 
stems,  as  tubers. 

May.  Flower  clusters.  Study  the  arrangement  of  flowers  in 
clusters.  Find  as  great  a  variety  of  clusters  as  possible.  Search 
for  something  in  the  life  of  the  plant  to  account  for  each  arrange- 
ment. 

June.  Leaves.  Select  thick,  fleshy  leaves,  and  examine  them 
to  find  the  skin,  pulp,  and  skeleton.  Think  of  the  use  of  each  to 
the  leaf.  Show  by  simple  experiments  the  breathing  and  motions 
of  leaves.  Make  lists  of  leaves  useful  to  man  for  food  or  medicine. 
Collect  and  press  as  many  as  possible. 

THIRD    YEAR THIRD    GRADE. 

September.  Autumn  fruits.  Study  such  fruits  as  pear,  peach, 
and  locust,  as  types  of  fleshy,  stony,  and  dry  fruits.  Read  of 
foreign  fruits.  Add  as  many  specimens  as  possible  to  the  collec- 
tion. 


88  CAMBRIDGE   SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

October.  Leaf  changes.  Study  the  venation  of  leaves,  and  note 
any  connection  between  the  shape  of  the  leaf  and  the  arrangement 
of  the  veins.  As  the  leaves  change  color,  try  to  discover  any  uni- 
formity in  the  time  and  order  of  the  change,  and  the  distribution 
of  color  in  different  species. 

November  and  December.  Bulbs.  Select  such  bulbs  as  lily, 
hyacinth,  and  onion,  for  study  and  development  in  the  schoolroom. 
Compare  them  with  the  buds  studied  and  note  the  similarity  in 
general  appearance,  coverings,  development,  and  contents.  Account 
for  the  early  start  of  bulbous  plants  in  springtime. 

January.  Evergreen  trees.  Continue  the  work  of  earlier  years. 
Add  a  careful  comparative  study  of  the  common  varieties  of  native 
evergreens.  Study  the  uses  of  each  and  the  relative  value  of  their 
products. 

February.  Trees  in  winter.  Choose  long,  branching  twigs  of 
elm,  horse-chestnut,  or  hickory.  Account  for  differences  in  color 
in  different  parts  of  the  twig.  Compare  the  arrangement  of  the 
branches  with  that  of  the  undeveloped  buds.  Account  for  the  rings, 
scars,  and  markings  found  on  the  twig. 

March.  Buds.  Watch  again  the  development  of  buds.  Search 
for  buds  in  unexpected  positions.  Review  all  previous  work  on  the 
subject,  emphasizing  the  connection  between  the  type  and  the  va- 
riations. 

April.  Stems.  Plant  a  few  stems  to  show  variations  in  habits 
of  growth,  especially  of  stems.  Study  a  few  peculiar  stems,  as 
tubers,  mint,  sedge,  and  grass  stems.  Think  of  the  adaptation  of 
each  kind  to  its  use. 

May.  Flower  families.  Study  carefully  many  plants  of  some 
common  family,  as  the  rose  family.  Compare  the  blossoms  to  de- 
termine the  qualities  in  which  they  are  alike.  Decide  upon  the 
marks  of  the  family.  Make  a  list  of  plants  belonging  to  it.  Col- 
lect and  press  as  many  specimens  as  possible. 

June.  Flower  family,  continued.  Study  specimens  of  the  mint, 
pulse,  and  mustard  families.  Compare  these  with  the  rose  family 
and  determine  the  family  marks. 

FOURTH    YEAR FOURTH    GRADE. 

September.     Autumn    flowers.     Eeview  the    acquaintance  with 


THE   CAMBRIDGE  PRIMARY   SCHOOLS.  89 

the  flowers  of  the  month.  Add  to  past  work  the  study  of  com- 
posites, using  sunflower  or  marigold  as  the  type.  Compare  them 
with  the  simpler  clusters  in  the  number,  size,  and  arrangement  of 
parts.  Account  for  differences.  Search  all  specimens  for  cocoons 
they  may  contain.  Watch  the  spinning  of  cocoons  to  be  saved  for 
further  observation. 

October.  Native  trees.  Insects.  Learn  to  recognize  from  seven 
to  twelve  trees,  choosing  those  most  common  in  the  neighborhood. 
As  the  leaves  fall,  observe  the  general  shape  of  the  tree,  the  man- 
ner of  branching,  and  the  character  of  the  bark.  Study  one 
characteristic  fall  insect,  as  the  cricket. 

November.  Nests.  As  the  leaves  fall,  locate  deserted  birds' 
nests.  From  specimens  or  from  pictures,  study  various  types? 
noting  especially  their  adaptation  to  their  use.  Make  note  of  any 
favorite  nesting  places  for  reference  later. 

December.  Study  the  habits  of  our  common  winter  birds, — 
crow,  sparrow,  and  pigeon, —  to  learn  how  to  observe  the  living 
bird.  From  museum  specimens  and  pictures,  learn  terms  in  com- 
mon use  in  describing  birds  and  simple  facts  of  structure. 

January.  Continue  the  bird  study.  Make  an  effort  to  attract 
such  birds  as  are  in  the  neighborhood  to  the  school  grounds  by 
providing  food  and  shelter.  Search  for  any  traces  of  winter  plant 
or  animal  life  which  might  be  a  source  of  food  to  the  birds. 

February.  Minerals.  Develop  the  idea  of  a  mineral  world. 
Learn  to  recognize  minerals  in  common  use  in  daily  life.  Show 
any  connection  they  may  have  with  plant  or  animal  life.  Collect 
any  specimens  of  minerals  or  building  stones  to  be  found  in  the 
district. 

March.  Folding  of  leaves  in  a  bud.  Gather  twigs  having 
large,  well-formed  buds.  Place  some  in  water  and  watch  the  un- 
folding of  the  leaves.  Make  cross-sections  of  others  and  determine 
the  arrangement  of  the  leaves  in  the  bud.  Look  for  a  similar  ar- 
rangement of  parts  in  flower  buds.  Watch  again  the  return  of  the 
birds. 

April.  Development  of  animal  life.  Gather  frogs'  eggs  and 
keep  them  in  pond  water  in  the  schoolroom  for  observation.  Note 
their  first  appearance  and  all  subsequent  changes.  Watch  for  all 
signs  of  awakening  life  out-of-doors.  Make  an  effort  to  attract 


90  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOL  COMMITTEE. 

birds  about  the  school  building  by  providing  material  for  their 
nests. 

May.  Incomplete  and  imperfect  flowers.  Gather  catkins  from 
the  willow,  poplar,  and  oak ;  also  blossoms  of  the  elm  and  maple. 
Determine  what  parts  of  the  flower  are  present.  Try  to  discover 
how  the  work  of  the  blossom  is  done.  Note  especially  any  insects 
found  among  the  blossoms. 

June.  Insects.  Study  the  bee  and  the  beetle  as  types  of  insect 
life.  Review  all  previous  work  on  insects  and  flowers,  tracing  the 
adaptation  of  one  to  the  other.  Follow  the  cycle  of  plant,  insect, 
and  bird  life  in  its  relation  to  the  life  of  people. 

TEXT- BOOKS    IN    THE    PRIMARY    SCHOOLS. 

Reading  Books.  Arnold's  Stepping  Stones  to  Literature,  First 
and  Second;  Barnes's  Second;  Cyr's  Children's  Primer, 
and  Interstate  Primer ;  Davis's  Second ;  Finch  Primer ; 
Ford's  Nature's  Byways ;  Foulke's  Twilight  Stories ;  New 
Franklin  Second ;  Harper's  First  and  Second ;  Heart  of 
Oak  Books,  First  and  Second  ;  Monroe's  First  and  Second ; 
Nash's  First;  Scudder's  Book  of  Fables,  and  Fables  and 
Folk  Stories ;  Stickney's  First,  Second,  Third,  and  Earth 
and  Sky  ;  Swinton's  Golden  Book  ;  Werner  Primer  ; 
Wood's  Natural  History  Readers,  First  and  Second; 
Wright's  Sea-side  and  Way-side,  Nos.  1  and  £. 

For  Teaching  Number.  Cogswell's  Lessons  in  Number;  Cam- 
bridge Number  Cards. 

Music.  Mason's  New  National  Music  Charts,  and  National  New 
First  Music  Reader. 

Language.  Hyde's  Practical  Lessons  in  English,  For  Third  Year 
of  School. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   PRIMARY   SCHOOLS. 


91 


CAMBRIDGE  PRIMARY  SCHOOLS 

1899 


The  time  in  hours  and  minutes  given  each  week  to  the  work  required  by  the  course 
of  study. 


Grades. 

I. 

II. 

III. 

50 

50 

50 

9 

7-50 

7-40 

dumber.     .  .       

4-30 

5 

5 

1-55 

2-35 

2-55 

1-20 

1-20 

1-20 

Physiology  

20 

20 

20 

1-15 

1-15 

1-15 

1-40 

1-40 

1-30 

Music  

1-40 

1-40 

1-40 

1-15 

1-15 

1-15 

Total  time.                       

23-45 

23-45 

23-45 

A.  Phonetic  drill  and  exercises  in  pronouncing  and  in  oral  reproduction  are  to  be 
included  in  the  reading  lessons. 

B.  A  part  of  the  time  given  to  desk  work  should  be  spent  in  silent  reading. 

C.  Spelling  is  taught  as  a  part  of  the  reading,  language,  number,  and  nature  lessons. 

D.  Facts  obtained  in  nature  study  furnish  part  of  the  material  for  language  lessons. 

E.  Physiology  and  hygiene  are  to  be  taught  with  special  reference  to  the  effect  of 
alcoholic  drinks,  stimulants,  and  narcotics  on  the  human  system. 

F.  The  time  required  for  lessons  on  patriotism,  morals,  manners,  etc.,  is  to  be  taken 
whenever  a  favorable  occasion  is  presented  for  inculcating  these  virtues. 


UNIVERSITY    OF 


no.  g  --.  . 


'23 


